The evolution of the theory of pricing and its impact on the formation of the price of military products
Abstract
The article analyzes the development of the theory of prices and pricing, discussed the theory of labor value theory of marginal utility and ending with modern neoclassical synthesis areas that constitute the theoretical basis of modern research market economy. There are knowledge of the economic nature of the price is marked by the following milestones: the quantitative theory of money, which has become widespread in the form of "equation of exchange" (MV = PQ); the theory of labor value determines the price as a monetary expression of the value of the goods, this model price was called costly pricing; the theory of marginal utility, where the price is presented in the form of an estimate of the marginal utility of this good, the price is the monetary expression of the ultimate or marginal utility of the economic good. These theories do not take into account the specifics of pricing for military products, because these products have specific characteristics, namely: the only buyer is the state, in most cases there is a monopoly on this type of product. Therefore, there is a need to develop a pricing methodology for military purposes in conditions of imperfect competition, resource constraints, economic crisis and conflicts.
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