Study of protective efficiency of respirator with forced air supply
Abstract
The aim of the work was to conduct experimental studies aimed at determining the protection factor of the filter respirator with forced air supply by volunteers in different modes of operation and to establish the dependence of the amount of air supplied by the fan from the air purification device to the filter’s resistance. Simulation studies to determine the protective effectiveness of the filter respirator on the testers were performed according to the procedure for determining the penetration coefficient of test aerosol – sodium chloride, as the ratio of the submask concentration of test aerosol to the ambient concentration formed in a special chamber that meets the requirements of DSTU EN 13274. Determination of the amount of air supplied by the air purification unit to the submask space and assessment of the value of positive pressure inside the mask was performed according to the procedure described in DSTU EN 12941: 2004. As a result of simulated laboratory tests to determine the protective effectiveness of filter respirators with forced air supply to the testers, it was found that the average result of the protection factor of the test samples ranged from 99.93 to 99.97, which meets the requirements of DSTU EN 12941: 2004. In addition, it was found that the amount of air treated by the fan of the air purification device for clean filters is 165 and 215 dm3/min for operating modes “Normal” and “Turbo”, while for the polluted filters it is reduced to 131 and 185 dm3/min, respectively. During the study, the compliance of the value of excess pressure in the submask space with the requirements of DSTU EN 12941: 2004, which should not exceed 2.5 mbar, was confirmed. It is also determined that the stability of the technical parameters of the air purification device is maintained in the specified range when charging the “Dinogy Li-Pol 11000mAh 14.8V 4S 25C” brand battery not less than 12 V to ensure the current value of not less than 1.6 A. The practical value of the results lies in determining the duration of protective action of the filter respirator, the choice of filter resistance to establish the scope and modes of operation in the developed personal respiratory protection equipment.
Downloads
References
Bharatendu, C., Ong, J.J.Y., Goh, Y., Tan, B.Y.Q., Chan, A.C.Y., Tang, J.Z.Y., Leow, A.S., Chin, A., Sooi, K.W.X., Tan, Yi.L., Chiew, S.H., Chin, B.Z., Ng, E., Foong, T.W., Teoh, H.L., Ong, S.T., Lee, P., Khoo, D., Tsivgoulis, G., Alexandrov, A.V., & Sharma, V.K. (2020). Powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) restores the N95 face mask induced cerebral hemodynamic alterations among Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. Volume 101(12), p. 1689-93. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.056
Candiotti, K. A., Rodriguez, Y., Shekhter, I., Castillo-Pedraza, C., Rosen, L.F., Kristopher, L. A., & Birnbach, D. J. (2012). A comparison of different types of hazardous material respirators available to anesthesiologists. American journal of disaster medicine. Volume 7(4), p. 313-319. DOI: 10.5055/ajdm.2012.0104
Chughtai, A. A., Chen, X., & Macintyre, C. R. (2018). Risk of self-contamination during doffing of personal protective equipment. American Journal of Infection Control. Volume 46(12), p. 1329-1334. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2018.06.003
Chughtai, A. A., Seale, H., Rawlinson, W. D., Kunasekaran, M., & Macintyre, C.R. (2020). Selection and use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers to protect from infectious diseases in hospital settings. Annals of Work Exposures and Health. Volume 64(4), p. 368-377. DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa020
Cohen, H. J., Hecker, L. H., Mattheis, D. K., Johnson, J. S., Biermann, A. H., & Foote, K. L. (2001). Simulated workplace protection factor study of powered air-purifying and supplied air respirators. Journal for the Science of Occupational and Environmental Health and Safety. Volume 62(5), p. 595-604. DOI: 10.1080/15298660108984658
DSTU EN 12941:2004 Zasoby indyvidualʹnoho zakhystu orhaniv dykhannya. Motorovi filʹtruvalʹni prystroyi z sholomom abo kapyushonom. Vymohy, vyprobovuvannya, markuvannya (EN 12941:1998, IDT) [Respiratory protective devices. Motor filter devices with helmet or hood. Requirements, testing, marking (EN 12941: 1998, IDT)]. Kyiv: Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrayiny, 2005.
DSTU EN 143: 2002 Respiratory protective devices. Anti-aerosol filters. Requirements, tests, markings (EN 143: 2000 / AC: 2005, IDT). Amendment № 1: 2015 [Respiratory protective devices. Anti-aerosol filters. Requirements, tests, markings (EN 143: 2000 / AC: 2005, IDT). Amendment № 1: 2015]. Kyiv: Derzhspozhyvstandart Ukrainy, 2016.
Harber, P., Yun, D., Santiago, S., Bansal, S., & Liu, Y. (2011). Respirator impact on work task performance. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Volume 53(1), p. 22-26. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181febc75
Institute of Medicine. 2015. The Use and Effectiveness of Powered Air Purifying Respirators in Health Care: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. 80 p. ISBN: 978-0-309-31595-1.
ISO 5725-6:1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 6: Use in practice of accuracy values. 2017.
Jones, B., & Nachtsheim, C. J. (2009). Split-plot designs: What, why, and how. Journal of Quality Technology. Volume 41(4), p. 340-361. DOI: 10.1080/00224065.2009.11917790
Khoo, K.L., Leng, P.H., Ibrahim, I.B., & Lim, T.K. (2005). The changing face of healthcare worker perceptions on powered air-purifying respirators during the SARS outbreak. Respirology. Volume 10, p. 107-110. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2005.00634.x
Licina, A., Silvers, A., & Stuart, R.L. (2020). Use of powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) by healthcare workers for preventing highly infectious viral diseases-a systematic review of evidence. Systematic Reviews. Volume 9(173), p. 1-13. DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01431-5
Powell, J. B., Kim, J. H., & Roberge, R. J. (2017). Powered air-purifying respirator use in healthcare: effects on thermal sensations and comfort. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. Volume 14(12), p. 947-954. DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1358817
Radonovich, L. J. Jr., Yanke, R., Cheng, J., & Bender, B. (2010). Diminished speech intelligibility associated with certain types of respirators worn by healthcare workers. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. Volume 7, p. 63-70. DOI: 10.1080/15459620903404803
Schumacher, J., Arlidge, J., Garnham, F., & Ahmad, I. (2017). A randomized crossover simulation study comparing the impact of chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear substance personal protection equipment on the performance of advanced life support interventions. Anaesthesia. Volume 72, p. 592-597. DOI:10.1111/anae.13842
Schumacher, J., Gray, S.A., Weidelt, L., Brinker, A., Prior, K., & Stratling, W.M. (2009). Comparison of powered and conventional air-purifying respirators during simulated resuscitation of casualties contaminated with hazardous substances. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. Volume 26(7), p. 501-505. DOI: 10.1136/emj.2008.061531
Verbeek, J.H., Rajamaki, B., Ijaz, S., Tikka, C., Ruotsalainen, J.H., Edmond M.B., Sauni, R., & Balci, F.S.K. (2020). Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. Volume 7(7); p. CD011621. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011621.pub3
Wagner, N., Boland, S., Taylor, B., Keen, D., Nelson, J., & Bradley, T. (2010). Powertrain Design for Hand-Launchable Long Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit 31 July 03 August 2011, San Diego, California
Watson, C.M., Duval-Arnould, J.M., McCrory, M.C., Froz, S., Connors, C., Perl, T.M., & Hunt, E.A. (2011). Simulated pediatric resuscitation use for personal protective equipment adherence measurement and training during the 2009 influenza (H1N1) pandemic. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety. Volume 37(11), p. 515-523. DOI: 10.1016/s1553-7250(11)37066-3
Wu, S., Harber, P., Yun, D., Bansal, S., Li, Y., & Santiago, S. (2011). Anxiety during respirator use: Comparison of two respirator types. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. Volume 8(3), p. 123-128. DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2011.549780
Abstract views: 250 PDF Downloads: 196
Copyright (c) 2020 Nataliiа Borodina, Serhii Cheberiachko, Yurii Cheberyachko , Оleg Deryugin , Dmytro Radchuk , Daniil Klimov
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors agree with the following conditions:
1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication (Download agreement) with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2. Authors have the right to complete individual additional agreements for the non-exclusive spreading of the journal’s published version of the work (for example, to post work in the electronic repository of the institution or to publish it as part of a monograph), with the reference to the first publication of the work in this journal.
3. Journal’s politics allows and encourages the placement on the Internet (for example, in the repositories of institutions, personal websites, SSRN, ResearchGate, MPRA, SSOAR, etc.) manuscript of the work by the authors, before and during the process of viewing it by this journal, because it can lead to a productive research discussion and positively affect the efficiency and dynamics of citing the published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
