New Trends In Azerbaijan's Foreign Policy

Abstract

Purpose. To determine the impact of the geopolitical transformation that took place in the South Caucasus after the Second Karabakh War on Azerbaijan's foreign policy course.

Method. Analysis-synthesis, historical, systematic approach, cause-and-effect.

Findings. The article explains the transition of Azerbaijan’s foreign policy course from a passive and defense-oriented policy to a more active, balanced, and multi-vector policy after the Second Karabakh War. These innovations are justified by the tectonic shift towards Central Asia, the increase in initiatives at the subregional and international levels, the strengthening of a pragmatic, proactive and multipolar foreign policy line, and the rise of altruistic tendencies.

Theoretical implications. Azerbaijan’s contemporary foreign policy combines realism, liberalism, and constructivism: prioritizing sovereignty and power, recognizing the importance of economic interdependence and cooperation, and orienting toward norms of stable coexistence. At the same time, the liberal-constructivist vector is strengthening through the development of mutually beneficial regional cooperation, particularly with Armenia, which creates a foundation of trust. The country’s peace policy extends beyond the regional level, as evidenced by its participation in international peace initiatives.

Practical implications. Azerbaijan’s modern foreign policy successes have led to the strengthening of the country’s sovereignty, its rise to a leading position in the region, and its increasing influence in the international arena. These successes create a solid foundation for future development and further strengthen Azerbaijan’s strategic importance.

Value. The study’s value lies in systematizing changes in Azerbaijan’s foreign policy within a conceptual framework that substantiates multi-vector policy, balanced diplomacy, and a focus on national interests, thereby strengthening its theoretical dimension. It also analyzes the state’s behavior in regional and global contexts—especially after the Second Karabakh War—explaining mechanisms of adaptation to the evolving international system. Attention to logistics diplomacy, regional cooperation, and relations with the United States links practical outcomes with scholarly arguments, enhancing both academic and applied significance.

Paper type. Theoretical.