Social Development and Security

Anti-Terrorism Security of Events Involving Large Gatherings of People under Martial Law: Regulatory Gaps and Directions for Improving Legal Liability

Hryhorii Halahan, Igor Ryzhov, Petro Yashchuk — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To identify regulatory and procedural gaps in ensuring counter-terrorism security at mass-gathering events under martial law and to substantiate directions for addressing them by improving security planning, governmental approval procedures, oversight, and legal liability..

Method. The study employs formal legal, systemic-structural, comparative normative, and logical-semantic methods, as well as legal modelling, to analyse the regulatory framework, distinguish relevant legal categories, and develop an object-event model of counter-terrorism security.

Results. The study identifies a mismatch between the predominantly static, object-oriented system of counter-terrorism protection and the dynamic risks associated with temporary events. A transition to an object-event model is substantiated, and a nine-stage security planning model is developed. The differentiation of administrative and criminal liability for violations of mandatory security requirements is proposed.

Theoretical Implications. The theoretical and legal understanding of counter-terrorism security is expanded by incorporating temporal, spatial, and event-related factors in the formation of military-terrorist risks alongside the characteristics of the protected object.

Practical Implications. The findings may be used to establish a regulatory framework for risk assessment, approval, oversight, and security support of mass-gathering events, as well as to improve the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offences and the Criminal Code of Ukraine.

Originality/value. The study introduces the concepts of a “mass-gathering event involving an increased security risk,” a “temporary object of increased military-terrorist risk,” and “preventive counter-terrorism security support for an event involving an increased security risk.”

Limitations/future research. The study is based on publicly available regulatory, academic, and officially published information sources. Further research should focus on developing quantitative and qualitative risk assessment criteria, expert and practical validation of the proposed model, and drafting the relevant regulatory legal acts.

Article type. An analytical and policy-oriented article presenting the results of original theoretical and legal research.

State Management of Mobilization Processes in a War of Attrition: A Comparative Analysis of the Models of Ukraine and the Russian Federation in the Context of National Security

Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To identify the specific features and key managerial factors shaping the mobilization models of Ukraine and the Russian Federation under conditions of a war of attrition and to assess their significance for state strategic resilience.

Method. The study applies systems, structural-functional, and comparative approaches. The comparison is structured around five analytical dimensions: resource base, force-generation mechanisms, institutional coordination, human-resource regeneration, and cross-sectoral resilience.

Results. Mobilization is shown to function as a permanent cross-sectoral mechanism of public governance. The Ukrainian model demonstrates a tendency toward adaptive and selective management under significant demographic and resource constraints. The Russian model relies on a larger resource base, greater centralization, and extensive force regeneration through contract-based and quasi-mobilization mechanisms.

Theoretical Implications. The study advances the conceptualization of mobilization as a cyclical process of regenerating defense human resources and refines the concept of mobilization resilience.

Practical Implications. The findings provide directions for improving mobilization planning, training, rotation, reservation of critically important personnel, and assessment of the socioeconomic consequences of mobilization decisions.

Originality. A five-dimensional conceptual analytical matrix is proposed for comparing mobilization models according to managerial criteria, together with a set of indicators for subsequent empirical operationalization and validation.

Limitations. The study is constrained by asymmetries in publicly available data, uncertainty in wartime statistics, and the inability to quantitatively validate the proposed indicators.

Article type. Theoretical and analytical article; comparative study.

Conceptual Foundations for Preparing Ukrainian Citizens for National Resistance within the Military Personnel Training System

Yevhen Kamalov, Mykola Khomik — Sat, 05 Sep 2026 13:49:52 +0300

Purpose. To substantiate the conceptual foundations of preparing Ukrainian citizens for national resistance and to determine the directions for its integration into the military personnel training system.

Method. The study employed a systems approach, analysis and synthesis, systems analysis, the structural-functional method, comparative analysis of alternatives, conceptual modelling, elements of strategic planning, and a results-oriented approach.

Results. The key problems in the development of citizen preparation for national resistance and the causes of their emergence were identified. Three development alternatives were formulated: inertial, modernization, and system-integration. The system-integration option was substantiated, and a conceptual model was developed linking the needs of the security and defence sector, requirements for military-trained human resources, categories of citizens, training levels, competencies, programmes, actors, resources, and results assessment. Directions for implementation, expected results, indicators, and resource requirements were determined.

Theoretical Implications. The conceptual foundations of citizen preparation for national resistance were further developed, and its functional place within the military personnel training system was substantiated.

Practical Implications. The results may be used to develop a draft Concept for preparing Ukrainian citizens for national resistance, as well as relevant programme and planning documents.

Originality. A system-integration model was proposed that combines the formation, assessment, and adjustment of training outcomes within a single cycle.

Article type. Theoretical (conceptual) article.

Evolution of Cognitive Influence Systems in the Russo-Ukrainian War: Dynamics from 2020 to 2026, Development Scenarios, and Recommendations for Ukraine

Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To analyse the evolution of the cognitive influence systems of the Russian Federation and Ukraine from 2020 to 2026, propose tools for their comparative assessment, develop scenarios up to 2030, and substantiate recommendations for Ukraine.

Method. The study combines analysis of doctrinal documents and open-source analytical materials, comparative analysis, systematisation, periodisation, formalisation, preliminary expert-analytical assessment, and scenario modelling. The proposed index is exploratory and requires further empirical validation.

Findings. An integral Cognitive Capability Index and a conceptual model of cognitive influence effectiveness are proposed; four stages in the development of the parties’ systems and six groups of evolutionary drivers are identified; three conditional scenarios up to 2030 are developed; and an architecture for a national cognitive deterrence system is outlined. The numerical values are preliminary expert-analytical estimates rather than statistically validated measurements.

Theoretical implications. The recommendations may support conceptual and doctrinal development and improvements in defence planning.

Practical implications. The recommendations may support conceptual and doctrinal development and improvements in defence planning.

Originality/value. Periodisation, index-based assessment, and scenario analysis are integrated within a single analytical framework.

Limitations/future research. The study is limited by its reliance on open sources, the preliminary nature of the expert estimates, and the absence of empirical model validation.

Paper type. Theoretical and analytical.

Transformation of the Security Environment in the Middle East and Its Impact on Ukraine’s National Interests: Neorealist and Constructivist Approaches

Mon, 07 Sep 2026 16:54:48 +0300

Purpose. To determine the nature and systemic mechanisms of the impact of the transformation of the Middle Eastern security environment in 2024–2026 on Ukraine’s national interests during the ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war, based on a combination of neorealist and constructivist approaches.

Method. The study employs systemic, comparative, causal, and scenario-based approaches, together with analysis, synthesis, systematization, and deduction. It is a qualitative, theoretical, and analytical study based on scholarly literature, materials from international organizations, analytical centers, and open sources. Neorealism is used to examine material capabilities and the balance of power, while constructivism is applied to interpret identities, political narratives, and international agency.

Findings. The study identifies four principal mechanisms by which escalation in the Middle East may affect Ukraine’s national interests: military-technical, resource-political, energy-economic, and identity-related. Disruptions to Iran’s production and logistical networks may constrain military-technical cooperation with the Russian Federation, although the extent of their impact depends on the adaptability of Russia’s defense-industrial complex. The analysis identifies risks associated with the redistribution of limited international resources between theaters of war and increased energy-related pressure. At the same time, it highlights opportunities for defense diplomacy, military-technological cooperation, and investment partnerships with Middle Eastern states. Qualitative scenarios for further developments are proposed.

Theoretical implications. The study clarifies the application of neorealist and constructivist approaches to interregional security interdependence. It demonstrates the need to analyze material and identity-related factors jointly and treats the concept of a security supercomplex as an analytical hypothesis requiring further empirical substantiation.

Practical implications. The findings may support strategic analysis, defense diplomacy planning, military-technical cooperation, and the assessment of risks to international assistance for Ukraine under conditions of interregional security instability.

Originality/value. The article offers an integrated explanation of the contradictory effects of the Middle Eastern crisis on Ukraine by combining material, economic, and identity-related mechanisms and identifying strategic adaptation priorities.

Limitations/future research. The study is limited by incomplete open-source data, the rapid evolution of events, and differences among analytical assessments. Scenario evaluations are qualitative and should not be interpreted as statistical forecasts. Future research should focus on quantitative assessment of military-technical, energy, and resource-related mechanisms of interregional influence.

Paper type. Theoretical and analytical article.

Methodological Approaches to Organising Border Control at the Ukrainian Moldovan Border in Accordance with EU Standards

Vitaliy Hula, Yurii Movchan, Stepan Ketsmur — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To substantiate the methodological foundations for organizing border control along the Ukrainian–Moldovan section of the state border in accordance with European Union standards and to assess the current state of their practical implementation.

Method. The study employed systemic, comparative legal, formal legal, and functional-structural methods, content analysis of regulatory and scientific sources, and a structured survey of 28 officers of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine. The results were processed using mean values, frequencies, descriptive ranking, and 95% Wilson confidence intervals.

Results. Ten interrelated methodological approaches were systematized. The lowest scores were recorded for the monitoring and evaluation (2.6), human resources and competency-based (2.8), and information and analytical (2.9) approaches; these were identified as problematic by 75.0 %, 71.4 %, and 67.9 % of respondents, respectively.

Theoretical Implications. A comprehensive set of methodological approaches to organizing border control in accordance with the concept of European Integrated Border Management was refined and systematized.

Practical Implications. Priority areas for improving monitoring, personnel training, information exchange, infrastructure, and joint control were identified.

Originality/value. A comprehensive interconnected model for organizing border control, adapted to the specific characteristics of the Ukrainian–Moldovan section of the state border, was proposed.

Limitations/future research. The study is limited by a purposive sample of 28 officers from three border crossing points. Future research should expand the sample, conduct comparisons between border crossing points, and test quantitative performance indicators.

Article type. Research article; empirical and analytical study.

Determination of Weighting Coefficients of Functional Components and Indicators for the Comprehensive Assessment of the Effectiveness of State Border Protection Construction

Ivan Manyakov, Volodymyr Moroz — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To determine the weighting coefficients of the functional components and indicators of the comprehensive assessment system for the effectiveness of state border protection configuration using the expert assessment method and to substantiate approaches to selecting the form of their subsequent aggregation.

Method. Expert assessment involving 89 specialists in state border protection was applied. The significance of 40 indicators grouped into operational, resource, engineering and technical, and preventive components was assessed using a discrete scale from 0.1 to 1.0. Mean expert ratings, functional component coefficients, and coefficients of variation were calculated, followed by two-level normalization of the weights.

Results. Weighting coefficients were determined for 40 indicators and four functional components. The operational (K₁ = 0.530) and engineering and technical (K₃ = 0.527) components received the highest coefficients. The normalized component weights ranged from 0.221 to 0.277. The overall expert-assessment consistency index was 16.8%. The risk of compensability inherent in additive aggregation was substantiated, along with the appropriateness of using less compensatory aggregation forms. Multiplicative aggregation reduces the degree of compensation, whereas limiting aggregation implements the strictly non-compensatory “weakest-link” principle across components.

Theoretical implications. The four-level hierarchical assessment system was further specified, providing a methodological basis for developing an integral effectiveness indicator.

Practical implications. The obtained weights can be used as a conditionally stable component of the assessment methodology and to substantiate resource allocation priorities.

Originality. The weights were determined empirically based on a survey of 89 specialists, with quantitative consistency assessment and two-level normalization.

Research limitations / future research. The robustness of the weights regarding expert sample composition, assessment scale, and border-section type requires further verification. The methodology should subsequently be tested using data from a specific border detachment.

Article type. Original Research Article.

Advanced Selection Method for the Employment of an Aerial Reconnaissance Unit

Ivan Katerynchuk, Dmytro Chernousov — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. The purpose is to improve the scientific and methodological framework for planning the employment of an air reconnaissance unit by developing a formalized method for selecting a rational approach to its use that accounts for the operational environment, the technical characteristics of unmanned aviation systems, and resource constraints.

Methods. The study has a theoretical and applied nature and is based on analysis, formalization, comparative analysis, and multicriteria assessment of alternative courses of action.

Findings. An improved method for selecting a tactical technique for employing an air reconnaissance unit is proposed. The method involves identifying input conditions, forming a set of admissible options, calculating effectiveness indicators, and selecting a rational option according to a generalized criterion. The numerical example provided is conditional and serves to illustrate the procedure's internal logic; empirical validation of the method has not yet been performed.

Theoretical implications. The results develop scientific and methodological approaches to formalizing the selection of methods for employing air reconnaissance units.

Practical implications. The proposed method is intended to support officials of state border protection bodies in decision-making during the planning and organization of air reconnaissance. Its practical effectiveness remains to be confirmed through field, experimental, or simulation studies.

Originality. The originality lies in the transition from empirical selection of a tactical technique to a formalized multicriteria assessment procedure.

Future research. Further research should focus on expanding the set of considered factors, including crew training level, availability of electronic warfare means, and time of day; improving the method for calculating detection probability while considering the stochastic nature of offender movement; and developing software implementation of the method as a decision-support module for automated control systems of border guard units.

Article type: theoretical and applied research.

Conditions and Factors Affecting the Capacity of Road Border Crossing Points

Oleh Yushchuk, Artur Petelskyi — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To identify and scientifically substantiate the conditions and factors affecting the capacity of Ukraine’s road border crossing points, classify them by origin and degree of controllability, and define conceptual indicators for further assessment.

Method. The study employs analysis, synthesis, systems analysis, comparison, classification, and generalization, together with systems and process approaches. It is theoretical and analytical in nature and is based on the examination of scientific literature and regulatory documents.

Findings. Factors affecting the functioning of road border crossing points were identified and systematized. A classification of eleven factors by origin and degree of controllability was proposed, distinguishing demand-related factors from the system’s resource and organizational capabilities. The need to account for interagency coordination, the operation of adjacent border crossing points, and potential bottlenecks in the control process was substantiated. Conceptual indicators and potential data sources for subsequent quantitative assessment were identified. The study does not establish quantitative effects or the comparative significance of individual factors.

Theoretical Implications. The study advances a conceptual approach to classifying factors affecting border crossing point capacity by combining two independent classification criteria and distinguishing demand, resource capabilities, and operational outcomes. The proposed framework provides a theoretical basis for developing a comprehensive assessment methodology.

Future Implications. Future research should develop and empirically validate a methodology for the comprehensive assessment and forecasting of road border crossing point capacity, taking into account quantitative relationships among factors, their interdependencies, and potential bottlenecks.

Paper type. Analytical.

Robust Detection of Phishing URLs Under Obfuscation Attacks

Rostyslav Feshchenko, Kateryna Vitvitska, Vasyl Luchyk — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Based on a dual-view approach, a lexical detection protocol for phishing web addresses was developed and experimentally validated under syntactic transformations that preserve the destination host within the adopted threat model.

Method. The study is empirical. An open dataset of phishing and legitimate web addresses compiled by Prasad and Chandra was used. After data cleaning, 235,366 unique records remained. The training, validation, and test subsets were partitioned by registrable domain. A character-level baseline model, a dual-view model, and the proposed model trained with data augmentation were compared. The threat model included host case variation, explicit default ports, percent encoding, fragments, trailing dots, user-info prefixes, removable path segments, and combinations of these transformations. Model performance was assessed using precision, recall, F1-score, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC), and false-positive rate.

Findings. On the clean, domain-disjoint test set, the baseline and augmentation-trained models achieved F1-scores of 0.9962 and 0.9960, respectively; under the baseline-adaptive transfer-testing scenario, the corresponding values were 0.9943 and 0.9961.

Theoretical implications. The study extends methodological approaches to evaluating lexical phishing detectors by substantiating the joint use of raw and canonical web address representations and invariance-oriented training within a formalized obfuscation-adversary model.

Practical implications. The proposed protocol is suitable for local pre-filtering of web addresses in email gateways, browser extensions, and monitoring systems without requiring network queries. It can also support security-policy decisions concerning web-address filtering.

Originality/value. The study demonstrates that performance on clean data alone is insufficient to substantiate claims of robustness within the adopted threat model. It further shows that training-time augmentation improves invariance to the studied class of semantically equivalent obfuscations without causing a practically significant degradation in performance on clean data.

Limitations/future research. Further temporal, cross-dataset, and browser-dependent evaluations are required before deployment in operational systems.

Paper type. Empirical.

Synthetic Impersonation in the Power Sector

Karol Jędrasiak, Piotr Gawliczek — Mon, 07 Sep 2026 22:21:03 +0300

Purpose. This study examines synthetic impersonation in the power sector as a decision-security problem, focusing on the conditions under which manipulated communication may lead to unsafe operational decisions and on the organisational safeguards associated with safer behaviour.

Method. An exploratory, quasi-experimental, scenario-based design was applied. The study comprised 24 attack scenarios, 24 communication stimuli, 8 operational command paths, an 8-layer security control matrix, and a supplier dependency layer. The analytical dataset contained 744 decision observations nested within 31 participants across four procedural conditions. Descriptive and comparative analyses were supplemented with participant-clustered generalized estimating equation modelling.

Findings. Unsafe responses occurred in 26.34% of observations. The unsafe response rate decreased descriptively from 29.03% under Baseline conditions to 23.66% under Full Layered Control, although between-condition differences were not statistically significant. Unsafe responses were concentrated in selected high-consequence scenarios, particularly grid topology disclosure, hot-work approval, and black-start initiation. Unsafe decisions were associated with shorter decision times, whereas perceived authenticity did not meaningfully distinguish safe from unsafe outcomes.

Theoretical implications. The findings support examining synthetic impersonation through a decision-security perspective that complements media-authenticity and deepfake-detection approaches by focusing on the pathway through which communication is translated into operational action.

Practical implications. Power-sector organisations should prioritise high-consequence command paths, strengthen structured verification and authorisation procedures, and separate message receipt from operational execution, including in supplier-mediated communication.

Originality/value. The study provides a sector-specific empirical examination of synthetic impersonation as a human-centered operational security problem and links deepfake research with decision behavior and critical-infrastructure governance.

Limitations/future research. The exploratory sample and non-significant condition-level effects limit causal and population-level conclusions. Larger, preregistered, multi-organization studies are required to validate the observed patterns.

Article type: Empirical research article.

Information-Technological Factor in Modern Conflicts: Transformation of Security and Defense Systems

Zafar Nuri Najafov — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. This study aims to assess the role of the information-technological factor in the transformation of modern armed conflicts and determine its impact on national security and defense systems. It examines how digital technologies, cyber capabilities, artificial intelligence, unmanned systems, and strategic communications influence contemporary security environments.

Methodology. The study employs a qualitative comparative research design that combines systems, comparative, and SWOT analyses. Three conflict cases are examined: the 2020 Second Karabakh War, the Russia–Ukraine War since 2022, and selected Middle Eastern conflicts. The analysis focuses on information superiority, cyber capabilities, intelligence systems, unmanned technologies, and cognitive influence mechanisms.

Findings. The study indicates that information technologies have evolved from supporting military instruments into strategic components of national security systems. The comparative analysis identifies three distinct models of technological transformation: information technologies as an operational force multiplier, as the foundation of multidomain warfare, and as instruments of hybrid and asymmetric influence.

Theoretical implications. The study broadens the understanding of military transformation by integrating information security, cyber resilience, and strategic communications into the concept of contemporary security capability.

Practical implications. The findings emphasize the need to develop integrated national security systems based on digital resilience, cybersecurity capabilities, technological adaptation, and effective information management.

Value. The article provides a comparative framework for explaining how information-technological superiority affects different types of modern conflicts and contributes to the development of security studies.

Article type: Research article (qualitative comparative study).

Analysis of the Channel Selection Problem in Heterogeneous Military Data Transmission Systems

Maksym Bondarenko — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To structure the problem of communication channel selection in heterogeneous military data transmission systems and to determine the requirements for a switching mechanism under conditions of incomplete and distorted channel-state information.

Methodology. The study employs a systems approach, an analysis of the operating conditions of real-time systems, a systematization of factors contributing to channel degradation, and structural-functional and comparative analysis. The information base comprises doctrinal documents, scientific publications, and publicly available materials on the experience of countering the Russian invasion.

Findings. The channel selection problem is decomposed into four interrelated components: comparison of common and channel-specific indicators, assessment of inactive channels, determination of the switching time, and maintenance of decision stability. The study establishes that channel-state data vary in completeness and reliability, while threshold-based switching creates a risk of delayed handover. The gradual development of certain degradation factors enables proactive decision-making but increases the risk of unnecessary handovers. Eight requirements for the channel selection mechanism are formulated.

Theoretical implications. The study refines the formulation of the channel selection problem by decomposing it into interdependent components and accounting for the limited infrastructure support available to a node under the conditions considered.

Practical implications. The findings may be used to develop communication systems for unmanned platforms, observation posts, and other systems operating under electronic warfare conditions.

Limitations and future research. The findings have not been experimentally validated. Future research will focus on developing an integrated assessment, a channel profile, and a prediction of channel suitability.

Article type. Theoretical article.

Institutional Development of Special and Training Capabilities of the Military Law Enforcement Service (2006–2025)

Vasyl Mykhailov — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To examine the establishment, development, and functioning of the 138th Special Purpose Center (Counter-Sabotage and Counter-Terrorism) and the 25th Training Center of the Military Law Enforcement Service, determine their role in military security and specialist training, and identify their significance for the institutional development of the Service during 2006–2025.

Methods. The study employed content analysis of legal acts and departmental documents, together with historical-genetic, problem-chronological, and historical-system methods to reconstruct the development stages of the institutions under study and establish their interrelationship.

Findings. The establishment of the 138th Center in 2006 initiated a specialized force-response component within the Military Law Enforcement Service. After 2014, its capabilities expanded through combat adaptation, interagency and international cooperation, improved professional training, and technological modernization. The establishment of the 25th Training Center in 2017 enabled the transition to a centralized professional training system, standardization of training programs, implementation of the Systems Approach to Training (SAT), and an increase in annual training capacity from approximately 250 to more than 1,000 service members. The study identifies the interrelationship between the development of special and training capabilities.

Practical implications. The findings may support further reform of the Military Law Enforcement Service, improvement of combat and specialized training, development of interagency cooperation, and preparation of analytical and instructional materials for military institutions and command authorities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Limitations/Future research. The available source base does not permit a statistical assessment of the combat effectiveness of the 138th Center or the effectiveness of individual training programs. Further research should examine experience accumulated after 24 February 2022, technological adaptation, and mechanisms for developing the capabilities of the Military Police of Ukraine.

Paper type: Original research article (historical and institutional study).

Application of Artificial Intelligence and Fuzzy Logic for Assessing Legal Risks of Personnel Decisions in the Human Resource Management System

Yurii Husak, Denis Kanduev — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop a hybrid model combining artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic for assessing the legal risks of personnel decisions within the legal support system of human resource management.

Methods. The study employed systems analysis, logical-predicate modelling, a risk-oriented approach, fuzzy logic, Mamdani rules, centroid defuzzification, natural language processing technologies, Retrieval-Augmented Generation, machine learning, expert systems, knowledge graphs, and the Human-in-the-Loop concept.

Findings. An architecture of an intelligent system for assessing the legal risks of personnel decisions is proposed. It integrates modules for personnel data processing, retrieval of legal grounds, LLM/RAG-based analysis, an expert rule base, a knowledge graph, a Mamdani fuzzy inference system, machine learning, explainability tools, and human oversight. The input variables include document completeness, procedural compliance, confirmation of authority, protection of individual rights, and personal data protection. A conditional example demonstrates a decrease in the integral legal risk from (R_{legal}=0.50) to (R_{legal}=0.396) after improvements in documentary support and procedural compliance.

Practical implications. The model can be used for the preliminary assessment of personnel decisions and for generating explainable recommendations under mandatory human oversight.

Limitations/Future research. The model is conceptual and methodological in nature. The membership functions require validation using real personnel cases, while the demonstrative Mamdani rule base needs to be expanded for different types of personnel decisions. Future research should focus on developing a software prototype, creating a dataset of personnel-related legal cases, and testing the accuracy of AI modules.

Paper type: Methodological.

Officer Position-Relevant Capability as an Indicator for Selection to Positions in Military Command and Control Bodies

Olena Chaikovska — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Improve the methodology for determining the level of training of officers during the selection process for positions in military command structures. This involves clarifying the concept, identifying position-relevant components, justifying a system of sub-indicators, and establishing the procedure for integrating them into an overall indicator based on the functional profile of the position.

Method. Theoretical analysis of doctrinal and regulatory documents; systematization and synthesis of scholarly sources; comparative analysis; functional decomposition of the official duties of an officer in a military command structure; modeling; standardization of partial indicators; and additive aggregation.

Results. The definition of the concept “competence of a military command officer” has been clarified, a system of five sub-indicators has been substantiated, and a formalized relationship has been developed for calculating the integral indicator, taking into account weighting coefficients, a non-compensatory coefficient of critical fitness, and subsequent interpretation on the Harrington scale.

Practical Implications. The proposed methodology can be used to assess the competence of officers during the selection process for positions in military command structures, to determine their job-relevant capabilities, and to support personnel decisions. The resulting score can be used as a component of a candidate’s comprehensive rating and as an input parameter for subsequent officer assignment decisions.

Paper Type. Theoretical.

Military Personnel Appraisal System in the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Hryhorii Tikhonov, Volodymyr Dudnyk, Ivan Oryshchuk — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To identify the key problems in the functioning of the performance appraisal system for military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, taking into account the experience of 2022–2026, and to substantiate a set of regulatory, technological, and methodological proposals for its improvement.

Method. The study employed comparative legal and documentary analysis of current regulations and official guidance documents of partner nations’ armed forces, structural and functional analysis of the performance appraisal system, generalization of empirical observations from the practice of military command and control bodies, and comparison of the findings with conclusions presented in contemporary scientific literature.

Results. The key problems of the current performance appraisal system were identified: the subjectivity of single-supervisor assessment, the absence of a comprehensive procedure for conducting appraisals under martial law, insufficient digitalization of procedures, a weak linkage between appraisal results and personnel decisions, and the inconsistency of certain criteria with the realities of the contemporary military environment. The performance appraisal system is considered an open organizational and management system influenced by external and internal factors. The following areas for improvement are proposed: updating appraisal criteria and indicators, introducing digital support, strengthening collegial review, developing an appeals mechanism, and ensuring the mandatory use of appraisal results in career management.

Practical Implications. The proposed provisions may be used to prepare amendments to regulatory documents, develop technical requirements for the pilot implementation of an updated performance appraisal system, and support the practical implementation of selected human capital development tasks within the defence forces.

Paper Type. Analytical.

Political and Legal Mechanisms of the Russian-Ukrainian Struggle for Sea Control in the Black Sea and The Sea of Azov Region (1991–2014)

Михайло Чучин — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of political and legal mechanisms and territorial disputes as instruments of Russian-Ukrainian confrontation over sea control in the Black Sea–Azov region during 1991–2014.

Methods. The study employs systemic, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, comparative legal, and structural-functional methods.

Findings. The study establishes that the status of Crimea and Sevastopol, the basing of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation, and the delimitation of the Sea of Azov and the Kerch Strait constituted interconnected components of the struggle for influence over the maritime domain. It is found that the Russian Federation used political and legal mechanisms, territorial disputes, and legal uncertainty to maintain and expand its regional influence. The 2003 Tuzla crisis marked a transition from political and legal confrontation to practical coercive actions. In retrospect, legal uncertainty and the Russian military presence in Crimea created conditions that were subsequently exploited during further escalation.

Theoretical implications. The study advances the scholarly understanding of the struggle for sea control as a complex process involving the interaction of political, legal, territorial, and military-political instruments. The proposed approach makes it possible to conceptualize legal uncertainty, territorial disputes, and military presence as interconnected factors in the transformation of the military-political balance in the maritime region.

Practical Value. The findings can be used to assess threats to Ukraine’s maritime security, develop national maritime policy, formulate legal and diplomatic positions for protecting Ukraine’s sovereignty and sovereign rights, and support strategic planning in the field of national security and defense.

Limitations/Future research. The study is limited to the period 1991–2014 and to the available source base, which consists primarily of publicly available legal and regulatory documents and scholarly publications and therefore does not allow for a comprehensive reconstruction of the motives and processes underlying political decision-making.

Paper type: Theoretical and analytical.

Evaluation of the Military Registration System for Conscripts, Persons Subject to Military Service, and Reservists Based on DOTMLPFI-S Components

Yurii Repilo, Serhii Yasenko — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop, scientifically substantiate, and test an adapted approach to the comprehensive assessment of military registration system capabilities based on a modified DOTMLPFI model, the integral system status index (S), and the concept of results-based management (RBM).

Methodology. The study applies DOTMLPFI capability decomposition at the national, departmental, and institutional levels; the RBM logical framework (Outputs–Outcomes–Impact); multi-criteria assessment using weighted scoring to determine the S index; and cause-and-effect analysis using an Ishikawa diagram.

Findings. The capabilities of the military registration system were decomposed into eight core DOTMLPFI components. The use of S as an integral index of the system’s status was substantiated. A multi-level matrix for the distribution of functions and an algorithm for aggregating expert assessments were developed. Based on data from a district Territorial Recruitment and Social Support Centre (TRSSC), the integral index was calculated at S = 3.41 points, corresponding to a satisfactory status. The main constraints identified were staffing (2.8 points) and professional training (3.0 points). Using a territorial community as a case study, the institutional causes of deficiencies in the quality of primary military registration were identified.

Practical implications. The proposed approach provides a standardized tool for diagnosing and monitoring the military registration system and for substantiating priorities for resource allocation.

Originality/value. The methodological approach to capability assessment was improved by integrating DOTMLPFI, three-level decomposition, and the integral system status index S.

Future research. Further research should focus on the development and testing of an automated software system for assessing the military registration system based on the proposed model.

Article type. Theoretical study with practical validation of the proposed approach.

Analysis of the Existing Infrastructure Support System of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Valerii Marshyn, Yury Hannenko, Oleh Pylypak — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To provide a theoretical substantiation and develop practical recommendations for improving the infrastructure support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine by optimizing management relationships between the structural units of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine and the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as by refining the conceptual framework of the infrastructure support system.

Method. The main research methods are analysis, synthesis, and document analysis.

Findings. The conceptual framework of the infrastructure support system was analyzed, and a new definition of the term “infrastructure support” was proposed. The structure of the infrastructure support system operating at different levels of management, from the tactical to the strategic level, was presented. Recommendations were formulated that can be used to improve the infrastructure support system in order to enhance its operational effectiveness and responsiveness to contemporary challenges.

Theoretical implications. The analysis of the infrastructure support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine indicates that this type of support is one of the key components of the logistics support system. The article provides a detailed analysis of the current state of the infrastructure support system, its structure, tasks, and problematic issues arising during the implementation of its functions. The results obtained during the study made it possible to identify system deficiencies and formulate recommendations for its improvement. Improving the infrastructure support system will contribute to the timely and effective accomplishment of assigned tasks.

Practical implications. The conceptual framework of the infrastructure support system was analyzed, and a new definition of the term “infrastructure support” was proposed. The structure of the infrastructure support system operating at different levels of management, from the tactical to the strategic level, was presented. Recommendations were formulated that can be used to improve the infrastructure support system in order to enhance its operational effectiveness and responsiveness to contemporary challenges.

Research limitations. The study relied on open-source information without access to restricted data. The analysis covered exclusively the infrastructure support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and did not include the military infrastructure and logistics support systems of NATO member states or their doctrinal documents in this field.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Functioning of the Medical Equipment Support System of the Armed Forces of Ukraine at the Life Cycle Stage – Operation

Vasyl Polishchuk, Oleksandr Khlypavka — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To analyze, systematize, and quantitatively assess the factors affecting the efficiency of the medical equipment support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the operation stage and to substantiate an integral criterion for its evaluation.

Method. The study employs systems analysis, logical and mathematical modeling, reliability theory of complex technical systems, mathematical statistics, expert assessment, and an entropy-based approach.

Findings. Administrative-financial, organizational-staffing, logistical, technical-operational, and environmental factors were identified. They were formalized into a system of partial indicators; the use of the Shannon index was substantiated; and an integral efficiency criterion based on Harrington’s desirability function was developed.

Theoretical implications. The scientific and methodological foundations for evaluating the military medical equipment support system were further developed, taking into account fleet heterogeneity and operating conditions.

Practical implications. The establishment of mobile repair and recovery units, the introduction of biomedical engineer positions, LRU-based modular repair, and digitalization of equipment accounting were substantiated.

Originality/Value. The problem of lifecycle desynchronization between wheeled chassis and integrated medical modules was formalized, while destabilizing factors affecting aeromedical evacuation were incorporated into the assessment framework.

Research Limitations/Future Research. The study is limited by the use of publicly available sources. Future research should focus on mathematical modeling of the spare parts, tools, and accessories exchange pool and numerical verification of the proposed criterion.

Paper type. Analytical-theoretical study with practical orientation.

Methodology for Substantiating Requirements for Field Storage Sites for Munitions

Федір Жубінський — Sun, 30 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To substantiate and develop a conceptual and methodological sequence for determining requirements for field storage sites for munitions as a component of the decision-making process within the logistics support system of troops (forces).

Method. The study employed analysis, synthesis, and systematization of scientific and regulatory sources, comparative and systems analysis, risk assessment methods, and mathematical modelling of the potential consequences of an explosion. The research is based on regulatory documents, scientific publications, methodologies, and open-source data published by research organizations, think tanks, and government institutions.

Findings. A conceptual and methodological sequence for substantiating requirements for munitions storage sites was developed. It includes determining initial parameters, assessing the potential consequences of an explosion, zoning the surrounding area, assessing risks to personnel, and formulating requirements for storage arrangements. The proposed methodology integrates established regulatory, physical, and probabilistic approaches into a unified decision-making procedure. Full numerical testing and empirical validation of the methodology were not conducted within the scope of this study.

Theoretical implications. The scientific contribution lies in the systematization and integration of established regulatory, physical, and probabilistic approaches into a sequence for substantiating requirements for field storage sites for munitions. The proposed approach refines the methodological framework for transitioning from the assessment of potential consequences of an explosive event and associated risks to the formulation of requirements for storage safety and organization.

Practical implications. The proposed methodology can serve as a methodological basis for preliminary risk assessment, verification of whether a planned storage site complies with established requirements, and formulation of requirements for the organization of field storage of munitions, subject to verification of the input data and compliance with applicable regulatory documents.

Future research. Further research should focus on numerical testing and empirical validation of the methodology, its comparison with baseline regulatory approaches, and the development of mathematical models for multicriteria assessment and selection of alternative storage sites.

Paper type. Methodological article.

The Methodological Approach to Assessing the Effectiveness of Military-Economic Forecasting under Conditions of Instability in the Military-Political Environment

Iryna Chernyshova, Vitalii Busel, Yevhen Marko — Thu, 10 Sep 2026 23:55:48 +0300

Purpose. To develop a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of military-economic forecasting that accounts for instability in the military-political environment and improves the justification of managerial decisions in the defence sector.

Method. The study employs theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, and systematization; statistical and comparative analysis; expert assessment; the weighted sum method; functional modelling; integral assessment; and a scenario-based approach.

Findings. A methodological approach has been developed that involves constructing an integral index of instability in the military-political environment and establishing functional relationships between instability, the state’s resource capabilities, and military needs. An integral indicator of forecasting effectiveness is proposed, combining measures of accuracy, adaptability, variability, and resource adequacy.

Theoretical implications. The theoretical foundations of military-economic forecasting are advanced by integrating forecasting theory, systems analysis, and decision-making theory under conditions of uncertainty.

Practical implications. The proposed approach can be applied by military command and control bodies to assess forecast quality, substantiate resource allocation, and support managerial decision-making in defence planning.

Future research. Further research should focus on improving methods for formalizing functional relationships, expanding the information base, and developing software tools to automate military-economic forecasting and the assessment of its effectiveness.

Paper type. Theoretical article.

Method for Prioritising Mobile Maintenance Assets for Automotive and Motorcycle Repair Units

Bohdan Chereushenko — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop a methodology for prioritizing the provision of repair units with mobile maintenance and repair equipment, in which mandatory requirements cannot be compensated for by advantages in secondary criteria and subjective weighting coefficients are not applied.

Methods. The study employs systems and process approaches, threshold-based assessment of compatibility and safety, calculation of requirements and available throughput capacity, Pareto dominance, lexicographic ordering, and scenario analysis.

Results. A nine-stage methodological sequence is developed, comprising the description of the operational context, identification of typical maintenance and repair tasks, establishment of threshold requirements, calculation of capability deficits, formation of feasible configurations, assessment of marginal effects, lexicographic comparison, iterative allocation of equipment, and scenario-based verification of the results. The criteria are structured into four priority levels: critical functions; timeliness and throughput capacity; mobility and autonomy; and life-cycle costs. A hypothetical case demonstrates the need to maintain reserve capacity under adverse scenarios.

Theoretical implications. The principles of non-compensatory evaluation of alternatives are further developed by combining threshold-based feasibility, normalized capability deficits, and lexicographic ranking without using an integrated weighted score.

Practical implications. The methodology can be applied to justify procurement, additional equipment allocation, reallocation of mobile maintenance and repair equipment, and the development of equipment testing programs.

Originality/value. An iterative re-ranking procedure after each equipment allocation is proposed. The methodology ensures transparency in determining priorities, reproducibility of calculations, and the possibility of promptly revising decisions following changes in requirements, equipment readiness, or the composition of available assets, thereby improving the justification of managerial decisions within military maintenance and repair support systems.

Research limitations/future research. The study is limited by the lack of representative publicly available data on military maintenance and repair activities. Future research should focus on calibrating threshold values, validating the methodology, and automating the calculations.

Paper type: Theoretical and methodological paper.

Method for Military-Economic Assessment of Reconnaissance Unmanned Aerial Systems for Selecting a Rational Alternative

Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop a method for the military-economic assessment of reconnaissance unmanned aerial systems (UASs) that enables the substantiated selection of a rational alternative based on the “cost-effectiveness” criterion while accounting for electronic warfare conditions, reusability, and life-cycle cost.

Method. A systems approach; multi-criteria assessment using additive aggregation of normalised indicators; the Analytic Hierarchy Process for determining weighting coefficients; group expert assessment involving 12 experts; life-cycle cost methodology; scenario-based adjustment of the combat-effectiveness indicator to operating conditions; computational experiment and sensitivity analysis.

Findings. A four-block method for the military-economic assessment of reconnaissance UASs was developed, comprising input-data formation, preparatory calculations, determination of an integrated combat-effectiveness indicator, and decision-making. A system of nine partial indicators grouped into reconnaissance capabilities, survivability, and operational properties was proposed. Weighting coefficients were determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process based on group expert assessment. Threshold screening of alternatives by the minimum acceptable level of adjusted combat effectiveness was introduced, followed by ranking of admissible alternatives according to the “cost-effectiveness” criterion. In the computational experiment involving twelve conditional alternatives, UAS-08 was identified as the rational alternative (K = 0.0626); it retained first rank across all five sensitivity-analysis scenarios examined.

Methodological implications. The study improves the methodological framework for the military-economic assessment of reconnaissance unmanned aerial systems by integrating multi-criteria combat-effectiveness assessment, life-cycle cost, reusability, electronic warfare conditions, and threshold admissibility constraints within a single decision-support procedure. The proposed approach can support analysis of alternatives in defence planning, armament development, and defence procurement.

Article type: methodical, computational and analytical.

The Integration of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Technologies Into Modern Artillery Systems

Yashar Huseynov — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To systematize the principal directions for integrating big data and artificial intelligence technologies into modern artillery systems and to assess their potential impact on the speed, accuracy, resilience, and decision-making processes of artillery operations, based on documented international experience.

Method: The study employs a structured qualitative review and comparative analytical approach. Academic literature, official military documents, materials published by international organizations, and documented examples of contemporary technological applications were analyzed according to predefined functional criteria.

Theoretical implications. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of AI and big data integration in artillery systems by conceptualizing their application as a multidimensional transformation process rather than solely as weapon automation. It highlights the interconnected roles of data management, sensor-based information processing, decision support, fire control, technical sustainment, human oversight, and accountability.

Practical implications. The findings provide a functional basis for assessing and developing AI-enabled artillery systems, particularly in relation to data processing, sensor integration, decision support, fire control, maintenance, and logistics. The study also highlights the importance of data quality, cybersecurity, explainability, human oversight, and legal and ethical frameworks for the reliable implementation of such systems.

Value. The value of the study lies in its systematic synthesis of documented international experience and its identification of the principal functional areas in which big data and AI can be integrated into modern artillery systems. It provides a structured perspective for understanding both the potential benefits and the technological, organizational, and governance requirements associated with such integration.

Paper type. Research paper.

Energy Resource Costs of Military Driver Training Using the BYD T5 and GAZ-66 and the Potential for Solar Energy Supply of the Electric Vehicle Fleet

Oleksandr Goroshko — Sun, 30 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To quantitatively assess the energy resource costs of practical training for category C and C1 drivers using the BYD T5 electric truck compared with the GAZ-66, and the potential for meeting the corresponding energy demand through on-site solar generation.

Methods. A calculation-analytical model based on the current regulatory framework was applied. The model considers the amount of practical driving training, parameters of Exercise No. 5, energy resource costs per trainee, training fleet capacity, and payback period. Sensitivity analyses were performed for the electricity tariff, specific energy consumption, and average driving speed.

Results. Under the baseline parameters, energy resource costs amount to UAH 9,809 per trainee for the GAZ-66 and UAH 1,111 for the BYD T5, representing an 8.8-fold cost advantage for the electric truck. For 100 trainees, the estimated savings amount to approximately UAH 870,000. The payback threshold for the BYD T5 is 257 trainees, while the payback period for a complete system comprising six vehicles and the energy complex is 7.3 years. A 29.25 kWp solar array could potentially meet the energy demand for training up to 312 trainees annually.

Theoretical implications. A combined approach integrating a training-process cost model with an assessment of PV–BESS energy supply for the training fleet is proposed.

Practical implications. The results can support decisions on re-equipping training fleets and investing in on-site energy generation.

Originality/value. The study combines an assessment of military driver training costs using electric vehicles with an evaluation of the potential for solar energy supply.

Limitations/future research. The model does not constitute a comprehensive TCO/LCC assessment. Further research should address the complete training-exercise profile, TCO/LCC, and monthly solar generation profiles.

Article type: Calculation-analytical article (applied modelling study).

Intelligent Decision Support System for civil Protection Management in Fire Suppression Operations

Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop a conceptual model of an intelligent decision support system for civil protection to select response options during fire suppression by integrating risk assessment, machine learning, and multi-criteria decision-making methods.

Method. The study employed systems analysis, mathematical modeling, decision theory, risk assessment, machine learning, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), data normalization, and additive multi-criteria evaluation of alternatives.

Findings. A modular DSS architecture was developed that integrates data collection and preprocessing, hazardous-scenario prediction, risk assessment, generation of feasible alternatives, their ranking, and recommendation generation. A risk model (R = PS) was proposed. A numerical example demonstrated the feasibility of ranking response alternatives, while a ±20% sensitivity analysis did not alter the resulting ranking order.

Theoretical implications. An integrated decision-making cycle from fire development prediction to the multi-criteria selection of a response option was formalized.

Practical implications. The model can serve as a methodological basis for a specialized DSS and can be integrated with GIS, UAVs, and automated monitoring systems.

Originality / value. The study integrates machine-learning-based prediction, consequence assessment, and multi-criteria ranking of response alternatives within a unified architecture.

Limitations / future research. The model is conceptual and requires validation using real-world data, assessment of the effects of incomplete data and data drift, refinement of criterion weights, and development of a software prototype.

Paper type. Conceptual and methodological study employing mathematical modeling.

Improving the Regulatory Framework for Engineering and Technical Civil Protection Measures at Various Design Stages

Yuriy Pidhoretskiy — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To comprehensively analyze the current legal and regulatory framework governing engineering and technical civil protection measures (ETCPM) at different design stages to ensure the safety, resilience, and continuous operation of facilities during a special period.

Methods. Comprehensive analysis, generalization, formal legal analysis, systems analysis, and comparative regulatory analysis were applied to assess the consistency and coherence of the legal and regulatory framework.

Results. Regulatory inconsistencies concerning the development of the ETCPM section at different design stages were identified. Amendments to Article 31 of the Law of Ukraine “On Regulation of Urban Planning Activities” and an updated version of DSTU 8773:2018 were proposed, providing for differentiation of the scope of ETCPM depending on the design stage and type of construction.

Theoretical implications. The need for systematic regulation of ETCPM requirements in design documentation was substantiated.

Practical implications. The findings can be used to improve the regulatory framework and enhance the overall level of civil protection.

Originality / value. Regulatory uncertainty concerning ETCPM requirements at the early design stages was clarified, and approaches to addressing it were proposed.

Limitations / future research. The study does not include an international comparative analysis or an empirical assessment of ETCPM implementation practices.

Paper type. Analytical research article.

Forecasting Flood Parameters Required for Planning Measures to Protect the Population and Territories

George Starodub, Andrii Havrys, Oleksandra Pekarska, Viktoriia Filippova — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Information Resilience of the Operational (Crisis) Marine Water Monitoring System Under Military and Technogenic Threats

Andrii Zalizko, Anatolii Nikitin — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Substantiation of the conceptual approach and mathematical provisions for assessing the information resilience of the system of operational (crisis) monitoring of sea waters in conditions of military and technogenic threats.

Method. The work uses a complex of general scientific and special mathematical methods: system analysis and synthesis for critical assessment of the regulatory framework and formation of the system architecture with the integration of Maritime Unmanned Systems (hereinafter referred to as UМS); mathematical apparatus of reliability theory for formalization of the “information resilience” indicator; scenario modelling to analyse the behaviour of the proposed integral indicator under different levels of degradation of the system components; and information theory principles for the conceptual interpretation of information uncertainty under data-scarcity conditions.

Findings. The need for a conceptual shift in the paradigm of marine water monitoring and a transition from the traditional peacetime model, focused on absolute data completeness, to a proactive crisis-oriented model has been substantiated. A mathematical formulation aimed at minimizing information uncertainty has been developed. Scenario modelling demonstrated the need to employ alternative secure communication channels and data acquisition tools, including Unmanned Maritime Systems (UMS), in the event of critical degradation of the civilian monitoring system.

Theoretical implications. The study expands the theoretical and methodological apparatus for evaluating environmental monitoring systems by introducing the criterion of "information resilience". A conceptual mathematical framework for assessing information resilience based on reliability theory has been developed, while Shannon entropy is considered a prospective tool for quantifying information uncertainty.

Practical implications. The proposed approach allows you to optimize the information support of the management bodies of the Unified State System of Civil Protection (hereinafter referred to as the Unified State System of Civil Protection), significantly reducing the time for making decisions on responding to threats.

Future research. Direction for further research is construction of comprehensive stochastic mathematical model for operational application and development of dynamic routing algoritms for UМS under military and technogenic threats.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Digital Innovations and Artificial Intelligence Implementation Mechanisms in the Military Education Systems of Azerbaijan and Türkiye

Mujkan Mammadzada, Faruk Kılıc — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To comparatively analyze the level of implementation of digital innovations and artificial intelligence technologies in the military education systems of Azerbaijan and Türkiye based on established criteria, and to scientifically assess the existing differences, strengths, and prospects for further development.

Method: The study was conducted based on comparative qualitative analysis, a review of the relevant literature, and an analysis of strategic and institutional documents.

Theoretical implications. The strategic importance attached to digitalization, artificial intelligence, simulation, and cybersecurity in the military education systems of Azerbaijan and Türkiye constitutes the principal similarity, whereas the higher institutional and technological maturity of these areas in Türkiye, compared with their ongoing development and formative stage in Azerbaijan, represents the key difference.

Practical implications. The establishment of joint artificial intelligence laboratories and simulation centers, the organization of joint cybersecurity training programs, the development of digital education platforms, and the expansion of academic cooperation could make a significant contribution to enhancing the innovation potential of the military education systems of Azerbaijan and Türkiye, institutionalizing the exchange of expertise, and improving the quality of modern military personnel training.

Value. The aim is to comprehensively compare the main directions of digital transformation in the military education systems of Azerbaijan and Türkiye, thereby identifying the differences in their institutional, technological, pedagogical, and human capital capacities, as well as opportunities for mutual development.

Paper type. Theoretical.

From Classroom to Cyber Front: AI Literacy for National Security Workforces

Samuel Nnadoziem Ndukuba — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To systematically review the literature on the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education for national security workforce development, with particular attention to developing-country contexts.

Method. Following PRISMA 2020 reporting guidelines, relevant publications from 2019–2026 were selected through structured searches of bibliographic databases, publisher platforms, and institutional repositories. The heterogeneous evidence base, comprising peer-reviewed studies, conference papers, policy documents, and institutional reports, was analysed using narrative thematic synthesis. The findings were organised around the research questions and interpreted through securitization theory and human capital theory.

Findings. The reviewed evidence identifies foundational AI literacy as a prerequisite for developing applied digital competencies and security-specific capabilities. National strategies increasingly assign higher education an important role in AI workforce development. However, the evidence from developing-country contexts indicates persistent constraints, including limited AI-specialised programmes, low faculty adoption outside STEM fields, resource limitations, and institutional fragmentation.

Theoretical implications. The review integrates securitization theory and human capital theory to interpret the gap between the strategic prioritisation of AI-capable security workforces and the educational investment required to develop them. AI-literate workforce capacity is conceptualised as a form of security-relevant human capital rather than as a referent object of securitization.

Originality/value. The study proposes the AI-Ready Security Workforce (ARSW) conceptual readiness framework, comprising four interrelated dimensions: foundational AI literacy, applied digital competencies, domain-specific security integration, and strategic national capacity. The framework is presented as a diagnostic heuristic rather than an empirically validated maturity scale.

Limitations/future research. The evidence base is heterogeneous, cybersecurity education is used as a proxy for broader national security professions, and the developing-country evidence is limited. The ARSW framework has not been empirically validated. Future research should validate the framework across different national and institutional contexts and examine the transition of graduates from AI-integrated curricula into security-sector employment.

Paper type: Review article.

Integration of Military Education with Civil Society and Mechanisms for Promoting Military Careers: The Case of Azerbaijan

Khayal Jumayeddinov — Mon, 31 Aug 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To examine the integration of military education with civil society in Azerbaijan, assess the dual-use potential of military qualifications, and analyze mechanisms that may enhance the attractiveness of military careers.

Method. A qualitative study was conducted using systematic, comparative, and content analysis of normative legal acts, official institutional documents, international materials, and scholarly publications covering 1991–2025.

Findings. The study identifies institutional consolidation, modular and competency-based education, technological training, international cooperation, military–scientific integration, and financial, social, academic, and career incentives as key dimensions of military education transformation in Azerbaijan.

Theoretical implications. The findings integrate civil–military relations, professional military education, military human capital, and dual-use competencies within a common analytical framework.

Practical implications. The results may support curriculum modernization, stronger military–civilian educational cooperation, and improved mechanisms for professional reintegration and career incentives.

Originality/value. The study provides an integrated interpretation of Azerbaijan’s military education transformation rather than examining its institutional, educational, and incentive dimensions separately.

Limitations/future research. The study is predominantly qualitative and lacks longitudinal data on admissions, employment, retention, and career outcomes. Future research should incorporate statistical and survey evidence.

Paper type: Research article.