Social Development and Security

An Analytical Framework of Contemporary Hybrid Warfare: Lessons Learned from the Russia–Ukraine War

2026-05-03T21:28:44+03:00

Purpose. To conceptualize the operational characteristics of hybrid warfare by examining the Russia–Ukraine war as an empirical case study.

Method: Comparative analysis, and synthesis.

Findings. The empirical analysis shows that hybrid warfare is a systematic integration of non-military and military instruments within a multi-domain strategy. Russia combined cyber operations, information warfare, intelligence activities, economic pressure, psychological operations, and conventional forces to shape the operational environment. Non-military asymmetric measures constituted the initial and prolonged phase (2014–2022), aimed at undermining infrastructure, public trust, and international narratives; however, Ukraine’s cyber resilience prevented systemic collapse. Disinformation and psychological operations targeted political and military leadership to create uncertainty, but their effectiveness was limited by rapid fact-checking and strategic communication. Hybrid warfare also exploits institutional vulnerabilities (corruption, bribery, intimidation), yet anti-corruption measures and reforms helped contain these risks. Propaganda and bot networks were used to weaken social cohesion; however, counter-disinformation mechanisms helped maintain public trust. Further escalation involves more overt pressure through air, maritime, and proxy instruments. Intelligence operations and troop buildups preceded the invasion, but early mobilization and international cooperation reduced the element of surprise. Ultimately, hybrid warfare evolves into a multi-domain campaign involving missile strikes, electronic warfare, and unmanned systems, which Ukraine countered through layered air defense, interception technologies, and enhanced infrastructure resilience. Thus, hybrid warfare represents a continuum of integrated instruments of influence, the effectiveness of which can be limited by strong institutional capacity, cyber resilience, and international support.

Theoretical implications. The findings refine the conceptual understanding of hybrid warfare within security studies.

Practical implications. The results are relevant for policymakers and defense institutions addressing hybrid threats.

Paper type. Theoretical.

System of Preparing Citizens of Ukraine for National Resistance: Features, Attributes, and Components

2026-05-03T21:28:44+03:00

Purpose. To identify the systemic features and properties of the system of training citizens of Ukraine for national resistance, as well as to formulate and substantiate its structural components in order to clarify its functioning and ensure the assessment of the quality of citizens’ preparedness to perform national defense tasks.

Method. The study applies the method of system analysis, which makes it possible to consider the training of citizens as an integral socio-military system. Elements of the structural approach are also used to decompose the system into components and to identify their functional relationships, properties, and roles in achieving the system’s objectives.

Findings. A set of key system features (integrity, hierarchy, complexity, multi-subject nature, interaction with the environment) has been identified, along with its core properties (manageability, adaptability, continuity, mass coverage, and practical orientation). The structure of the system has been developed, including the following components: doctrinal framework, organization, training, resource provision, management and education, personnel, infrastructure, and interoperability.

Theoretical Implications. The study expands the scientific understanding of citizen training for national resistance as a distinct system with its own features, properties, and structure. The proposed approach provides a methodological basis for further assessment of its effectiveness and improvement.

Papertype. Theoretical and methodological, with elements of applied system analysis.

New Trends In Azerbaijan's Foreign Policy

2026-05-03T21:28:44+03:00

Purpose. To determine the impact of the geopolitical transformation that took place in the South Caucasus after the Second Karabakh War on Azerbaijan's foreign policy course.

Method. Analysis-synthesis, historical, systematic approach, cause-and-effect.

Findings. The article explains the transition of Azerbaijan’s foreign policy course from a passive and defense-oriented policy to a more active, balanced, and multi-vector policy after the Second Karabakh War. These innovations are justified by the tectonic shift towards Central Asia, the increase in initiatives at the subregional and international levels, the strengthening of a pragmatic, proactive and multipolar foreign policy line, and the rise of altruistic tendencies.

Theoretical implications. Azerbaijan’s contemporary foreign policy combines realism, liberalism, and constructivism: prioritizing sovereignty and power, recognizing the importance of economic interdependence and cooperation, and orienting toward norms of stable coexistence. At the same time, the liberal-constructivist vector is strengthening through the development of mutually beneficial regional cooperation, particularly with Armenia, which creates a foundation of trust. The country’s peace policy extends beyond the regional level, as evidenced by its participation in international peace initiatives.

Practical implications. Azerbaijan’s modern foreign policy successes have led to the strengthening of the country’s sovereignty, its rise to a leading position in the region, and its increasing influence in the international arena. These successes create a solid foundation for future development and further strengthen Azerbaijan’s strategic importance.

Value. The study’s value lies in systematizing changes in Azerbaijan’s foreign policy within a conceptual framework that substantiates multi-vector policy, balanced diplomacy, and a focus on national interests, thereby strengthening its theoretical dimension. It also analyzes the state’s behavior in regional and global contexts—especially after the Second Karabakh War—explaining mechanisms of adaptation to the evolving international system. Attention to logistics diplomacy, regional cooperation, and relations with the United States links practical outcomes with scholarly arguments, enhancing both academic and applied significance.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Cyber Protection as a Key Element of Repelling Armed Aggression in Cyberspace within the State Cyber Defense System

2026-05-03T21:28:44+03:00

Purpose. To substantiate the decisive role of cyber protection as a key element of repelling armed aggression in cyberspace and to determine its place within the state cyber defense system under conditions of contemporary hybrid threats.

Method. The study employs a systems approach, structural-functional analysis, conceptual modeling, as well as elements of comparative analysis of modern international cybersecurity frameworks.

Results. The study substantiates cyber protection as a system-forming element of state cyber defense, ensuring resilience, continuity, and controllability of information systems under persistent cyber aggression. A conceptual model linking cyber protection, adaptability, and cyber resilience is proposed.

Theoretical value. The research advances the conceptualization of cyber protection from a risk-management tool to a mechanism of repelling aggression, refining its role within cyber defense systems and extending existing theoretical approaches.

Practical value. The findings can support the development of cyber defense policies, resilience strategies, and protection of critical infrastructure, as well as integration into military planning.

Future research. Further studies should focus on quantitative indicators, model formalization, and empirical validation.

Article type. Theoretical.

Forecast Scenarios for the Development of the French Republic as a Regional Leader: Risks and Threats to Ukraine

2026-05-03T21:28:44+03:00

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development scenarios of the French Republic as a regional leader and to identify the associated risks and threats to Ukraine, as well as to formulate strategic guidelines for Ukrainian foreign policy.

Method: The study is based on a qualitative approach using scenario analysis, comparative analysis, and systematization of scholarly sources. Elements of political and economic analysis are applied to assess internal and external factors influencing France’s policy.

Findings. Three core development scenarios for France are identified: optimistic (“European Shield”), realistic (“Strategic Exhaustion”), and pessimistic (“Internal Fragmentation”). It is demonstrated that France’s strengthening may both enhance support for Ukraine and generate risks of political dependency and strategic compromise.

Theoretical implications. The study advances theoretical approaches to analyzing the role of regional leaders in security systems by integrating scenario modeling with the concept of EU strategic autonomy.

Practical implications. The findings can be used by Ukrainian public authorities to shape foreign policy strategy, manage cooperation risks with France, and develop defense-industrial cooperation.

Paper type. Analytical.

Recommendations for Developing Mechanisms for Joint Monitoring and Responding to Enemy Information and Psychological Attacks in Wartime: Expected Effect and Ways of Implementation

2026-05-04T20:30:14+03:00

Purpose. To develop recommendations for forming an integrated mechanism of joint monitoring and response to adversary information-psychological attacks in wartime conditions, considering institutional constraints, multi-level governance, balance between operational efficiency and legitimacy, with evaluation of expected effects and implementation pathways.

Method. Mixed-methods approach with qualitative dominance: systemic analysis (reconstruction of response cycle), institutional analysis (examination of subjects’ interactions), comparative analysis (Ukrainian context vs. EEAS, OECD, NATO, DISARM models), scenario analysis (modeling situations); empirical basis on open sources (reports 2023–2026, OSINT), with hypothetical adjustments due to limited data access.

Results. Proposed cyclical model with 5 elements (analytical core, classification, response protocol, exchange platform, effectiveness evaluation); hypothetical reduction of response cycle, mitigation of cumulative attack impacts; multi-level structure scheme; case illustration (2023 attack); risks: fragmentation, leaks, illusion of measurability.

Theoretical value. Conceptualized IPA as a systemic challenge to cognitive resilience and managerial integrity; integration of FIMI and resilience into Ukrainian context; war as competition of governance models; hypotheses for further research (AI integration, measuring cognitive effects).

Article type. Analytical, applied.

The Intelligence System of the Republic of Moldova amid the Transformation of the Regional Security Environment after 2022

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. To provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and prospects for the development of the intelligence system of the Republic of Moldova in the context of regional instability following the full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine and the intensification of hybrid threats. Particular attention is paid to intelligence as a key instrument for the identification and early detection of threats to national security.

Method. The research employs a combination of systemic, structural-functional, formal-legal, comparative-legal, logical-analytical, and prognostic methods. The empirical basis includes strategic and regulatory legal acts of the Republic of Moldova, official materials of the Intelligence and Security Service, as well as documents of the European Union, the OSCE, and the Danube Commission.

Results. The findings indicate that, within the contemporary security environment, intelligence performs a system-forming role in ensuring early warning, prevention, and neutralisation of threats. The main risk factors for Moldovan statehood include the unlawful Russian military presence in the Transnistrian region, hybrid interference in domestic political and electoral processes, the destabilising impact of informational, political, and financial influence, and the vulnerability of the Danube logistical corridor.

Theoretical value. The theoretical contribution lies in advancing scholarly understanding of the role of human intelligence within national security systems of small states under sustained hybrid pressure, as well as in clarifying the interrelation between threat detection, counterintelligence support, strategic warning, and institutional resilience.

Practical value. The practical significance of the study consists in developing recommendations for improving threat identification mechanisms, particularly in the context of Ukraine, and in offering a comparative perspective on intelligence models under external pressure.

Article type. Research and analytical.

Some Aspects of the Development of Tactical Short-Range Air Defense Units in Ukraine

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. Analysis of factors influencing the effectiveness of guiding diverse weapons systems of tactical air defense units of the Ground Forces, and development of recommendations regarding the principles for organizing and equipping tactical air defense units of the Ground Forces.

Method. Comparative-historical, statistical, and structural-functional analysis; synthesis.

Findings. An optimized structure for a SHORAD tactical unit, consisting of various short-range systems organized into echelons based on altitude and speed, and interconnected via an autonomous MANET network under the control of an automated air defense command and control system that utilizes its own radar.

Theoretical Implications. The study provides a theoretical justification for the optimal architecture of a tactical unit and its armament system, adapted to current air threats (in particular, countering UAVs).

Papertype. Analytical.

Analysis of Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Port Protection

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to substantiate and systematize the factors affecting the effectiveness of seaport protection under contemporary armed conflict conditions, using a systems approach and hierarchical decomposition method (“goal tree”), and to refine their structure considering the transformation of threats, particularly those associated with the use of unmanned and precision-guided weapon systems.

Method. The methodological framework of the study is based on the systems approach and structural-functional analysis. The “goal tree” method was applied to hierarchically decompose and structure the factors influencing port protection effectiveness. The research also employs inductive analysis of historical and contemporary case studies of port defence (using a spatio-temporal approach), comparative analysis, and generalization of scientific and military-practical sources.

Findings. The study develops a hierarchical model of factors influencing port protection effectiveness, structured into three core groups: assessment of forces and capabilities; distribution of forces and assets; command and control. Their internal subgroups are identified and interrelationships between them are established. The study clarifies the role of logistical, technical, moral-psychological, and informational factors under conditions of modern warfare characterized by the use of unmanned systems and combined attacks.

Theoretical Implications. The research contributes to the theoretical framework of port defence by refining the systematization of influencing factors and structuring their interdependence within an integrated model. It expands the conceptual understanding of port protection as a multidimensional system, incorporating technological transformation, adaptive command structures, and infrastructure resilience as key components of modern maritime security.

Practical Implications. The proposed model may be applied in: operational and tactical planning of port defence; training of military command bodies; command and staff exercises; development of methodological tools for assessing the resilience of port infrastructure under conditions of armed aggression.

Papertype. Analytical research article of theoretical and applied character with elements of systems modelling.

Analysis of the Evaluation of Operational and Service Activities of State Border Guard Protection Units

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. To conduct a critical analysis of the existing system for evaluating the operational and service activities of state border guard units and to substantiate the feasibility of transitioning to a capability-based evaluation model using approaches adapted to NATO standards.

Method. An analytical method based on the assessment of facts and information related to the evaluation of the operational and service activities of state border guard units.

Findings. Approaches to the capability-based evaluation of state border guard units have been substantiated.

Theoretical Implications. The study enables, with sufficient adequacy, the introduction of key approaches to evaluating state border guard units based on their capabilities.

Practical Implications. To develop a scientific and methodological framework (model and methodology) for evaluating the capabilities of state border guard units.

Papertype. Analytical.

Interaction Between Border Details in the Unit’s Area of Responsibility

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. To provide a comprehensive substantiation of theoretical foundations and practical mechanisms for organizing interaction between border guard patrols within a unit’s area of responsibility, to identify systemic deficiencies in current practices, and to develop a formalized system of key performance indicators (KPIs) considering contemporary threats, combat experience, and digital transformation requirements.

Method. The research applies a combination of general scientific and empirical methods, including analysis and synthesis of regulatory and scientific sources, and a systems approach to conceptualize interaction as an integrated operational process. Empirical data were obtained through a structured survey of 32 officers of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine using a Likert scale. Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.81). Data processing included descriptive statistics, ranking, and content analysis using MS Excel and SPSS.

Findings. The concept of interaction between border patrols is refined as a coordinated process involving mutual information exchange, support, and shared responsibility. A three-level interaction model (tactical, operational, inter-agency) is proposed. Empirical results indicate a moderate effectiveness level (3.1/5.0), with key deficiencies related to insufficient digitalization, unclear responsibility boundaries, and limited communication intensity. The study demonstrates that the use of unmanned aerial systems reduces response time (8.3 vs. 14.2 minutes). A system of six KPIs is developed, focusing on both process and outcome dimensions.

Theoretical Implications. The study advances the conceptual framework of border security management by formalizing interaction metrics and integrating NATO and EU approaches into the national context.

Practical Implications. The proposed KPIs, digital monitoring tools, and standardized interaction protocols can enhance operational responsiveness and coordination efficiency.

Papertype. Empirical research.

An Overview of Approaches to Organizing Basic Military Training for Service Members Called up under Mobilization During a State of Emergency

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to generalize and analyze contemporary approaches to organizing basic military training of service members conscripted through mobilization during a special period, and to develop a theoretical framework for its advancement.

Method. The study was conducted using systemic, structural-functional, and comparative approaches. The methods of scientific literature analysis, generalization, classification, and theoretical modeling were applied.

Findings. The main approaches to organizing basic military training (institutional, functional, competency-based, and resource-based) were identified. A comparative analysis of these approaches was carried out, and the limitations of their application under conditions of training mobilized service members during a special period were determined. It was established that the system of basic military training is characterized by fragmented governance, uneven resource provision, and variability in training quality.

Theoretical Implications. A conceptual approach is substantiated, according to which basic military training is considered as a process of transforming a civilian into a service member under conditions of limited time and increased performance requirements.

Practical implications. The study identifies directions for improving the organization of basic military training, including enhancing the coherence of its components, improving the quality of the instructor staff, standardizing the training process, and optimizing the use of resources.

Originality/Value. The originality of the study lies in the systematic generalization of approaches to organizing basic military training of mobilized service members during a special period and in the development of an integrated theoretical framework for its advancement.

Future research. Further research should focus on the empirical validation of the proposed provisions and the development of tools for assessing the effectiveness of basic military training.

Papertype. Review article.

The Methodology of Expert Assessment of the Effectiveness of the Use of a Deminer’s Armor and Radiation Protection Complex

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. Development of a methodology for expert assessment of the effectiveness of using the complex of armor and radiation protection of a deminer engaged in humanitarian demining in conditions of radiation contamination.

Method. Method of agreed expert assessments.

Findings. A novel methodology for expert evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of an integrated armor and radiation protection system for deminers has been developed.

Theoretical Implications. A well-founded possibility of obtaining patterns of rescuers’ activity not only directly during emergency rescue operations, but also during their training and training, in that case at specialized training (educational and training) complexes or with the help of simulation systems that are fully implemented on a computer.

Practical Implications. The possibility of preliminary comparative assessment of the effectiveness of using various complexes of armored and radiation protection during humanitarian demining in conditions of radiation contamination has been substantiated.

Originality/Value of the research: The possibility of preliminary comparative assessment of various complexes of individual protection for a deminer used during humanitarian demining in conditions of radiation contamination, through the use of agreed expert assessments.

Future Research. The need to obtain agreed expert assessments from specialists in the field of humanitarian demining in conditions of radiation contamination.

Paper type: analytical and computational.

Analysis of the Impact of Radiation Diffusion on the Human Body: From the Lessons of Chernobyl to Contemporary Challenges

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. A comprehensive study of the mechanisms of radiation diffusion's impact on the human body, an analysis of pathophysiological changes based on the experience of the Chernobyl disaster, and the development of recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of protective systems.

Мethod. The study integrates radiobiology, systems analysis, and military toxicology to examine radionuclide mass transfer. The methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of pathophysiological changes and a retrospective study of the Chernobyl disaster’s medical consequences. A systems approach links physical migration parameters with clinical radiation indicators. The findings are verified by radiation accident response experience, providing a basis for enhancing decontamination and personnel protection in modern environments.

Findings. The research results confirm that radionuclide migration in biological tissues significantly depends on the concentration gradient and the structural characteristics of cellular membranes. It is proven that isotope accumulation leads to profound pathophysiological changes, including disruption of metabolic processes and genomic integrity. A retrospective analysis of the Chernobyl disaster’s consequences confirmed a correlation between the intensity of diffusion processes and the risk of developing chronic pathologies. It was determined that decontamination effectiveness directly depends on the promptness of implementing systemic protective measures that minimize internal radiation exposure through food chains and inhalation pathways. The study justifies the need to update radiation safety protocols to account for modern technological threats.

Theoretical implications. The theoretical value of the study lies in deepening scientific understanding of radionuclide migration mechanisms within biological environments. The work expands the theoretical framework of radiobiology and military toxicology by integrating physical and mathematical mass transfer models with the analysis of pathophysiological body reactions. The established systems approach allows for a more profound justification of the patterns underlying long-term medical consequences of radiation exposure. Furthermore, the research provides a theoretical foundation for improving decontamination methodology by adapting the retrospective lessons of the Chernobyl disaster to modern technological and military security challenges.

Paper type. Analitic.

Development of Environmental Safety Management Technology in the Event of an Accident at a Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage Facility Caused

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. To develop an environmental safety management technology for accidents at a spent nuclear fuel storage facility caused by military actions, aimed at assessing, forecasting, and minimizing radiation impacts on the environment and population under conditions of infrastructure instability, incomplete data, and limited response resources.

Method. The study is based on the integrated use of environmental analysis, mathematical modeling, radiation monitoring, geoinformation analysis, and emergency management theory. Analytical methods, systems analysis, structural-logical and mathematical modeling, and monitoring data integration within a decision-support framework were applied.

Findings. The methodological basis of the proposed technology was substantiated using the principles of systemacity, hierarchical management, risk orientation, adaptability, information integration, efficiency, and prevention. An algorithm for collecting, processing, and integrating monitoring data was developed, along with an algorithm for detecting and localizing radiation contamination considering diffusion, advection, turbulent dispersion, and aerosol deposition. A structural-logical scheme integrating monitoring, data processing, risk assessment, and decision support was formed.

Practical Implications. Proposed technology can improve management decisions, support localization of radiation contamination zones, and enhance operational response under damaged infrastructure conditions.

Originality/Value: the study proposes an integrated environmental safety management technology for accidents at spent nuclear fuel storage facilities caused by military actions.

Research limitations/Future research: the study is mainly theoretical and requires further verification through scenario calculations and real monitoring data. Future research should focus on quantitative risk assessment and testing for specific facilities.

Paper type: Theoretical.

Stability of Flysch Rock Masses under Explosive Loading: A Review

2026-05-03T21:28:45+03:00

Purpose. To systematize current scientific approaches to assessing the stability of flysch rock masses under explosive loading and to determine their applicability to civil protection tasks.

Method. The study employs analysis and synthesis of scientific sources, comparative geomechanical analysis, a taxonomic approach to the classification of results, and inductive generalization. The source base consists of international scientific publications selected according to relevant thematic criteria.

Findings. The regularities of the mechanical behavior of flysch rock masses are generalized, taking into account their heterogeneity, anisotropy, and structural disturbance. The decisive role of the ratio of layers with different strength and moisture conditions in the formation of damage zones is established. It is shown that existing strength assessment approaches are primarily based on studies of industrial explosions, which imposes limitations on their application to the analysis of explosions of military origin.

Practical Implications. The obtained generalizations can be used for preliminary hazard assessment, zoning of territories according to risk levels, and decision-making support within the civil protection system. It is proposed to consider uncertainties and apply conservative approaches when assessing the consequences of explosive impacts.

Originality/value. The study combines geomechanical analysis with civil protection tasks, emphasizing the adaptation of existing scientific approaches to conditions of military impacts, which is novel for this research field.

Limitations/Future research. The limitations are related to the lack of field data on the effects of military explosions on flysch rock masses, which determines the need for further experimental and field studies.

Paper type: Review.

Methodologies for studying the effectiveness of hearing protection equipment for workers on a construction site

2026-05-03T21:28:46+03:00

Purpose. To develop and verify a computer model for evaluating the effectiveness of hearing protection devices used by construction workers operating mechanized equipment with elevated noise intensity, taking into account the results of long-term field studies.

Мethod. A comprehensive approach was applied, combining an analysis of current methods for assessing the effectiveness of hearing protection devices, field experimental studies of noise exposure at construction sites, and computer-based modeling of the acoustic characteristics of noise-protective devices. The empirical part was based on three years of noise level measurements at the workplaces of construction workers in Odesa using a MASTECH MS6701 sound level meter. Numerical modeling was performed in the Pressure Acoustics, Boundary Element interface of the Acoustics module using the HRTF approach.nation and personnel protection in modern environments.

Findings. It was found that laboratory noise attenuation ratings do not fully reflect the actual level of worker protection under real operating conditions. It was confirmed that the use of hearing protection devices provides a significant reduction in noise exposure; however, their effectiveness depends on the wearing regime, correct use, and device type. Discrepancies were identified between the declared and actual use of noise-protective devices. The results of computer modeling are consistent with field measurements.

Theoretical implications. Approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of hearing protection devices were improved through the integration of laboratory, field, and digital methods.

Originality: the study combines long-term field measurements with computer-based acoustic modeling of the actual effectiveness of hearing protection devices.

Research limitations: The limitations are related to the variability of construction site conditions and the limited range of models investigated. Further research should focus on expanding the sample and developing digital models for assessing the risk of hearing loss.

Paper type. Empirical study with elements of computer modeling.

Formation of Safety Culture Among University Students: Educational and Behavioral Perspectives

2026-05-03T21:28:46+03:00

Purpose. To examine the level of safety culture formation and behavioral attitudes of higher education students, as well as to analyze their perceptions of risks and the prioritization of safety in professional activities.

Method. The study was conducted through a survey of fourth-year students from various faculties at the beginning of the course “Life Safety and Occupational Health”. A questionnaire with statements grouped by key aspects of safety culture was used. Responses were recorded on a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations) were applied for data analysis. The interpretation of results was based on the Bradley curve concept. Additionally, a multicriteria approach was used to evaluate decision-making in situations involving trade-offs between safety and other professional factors.

Findings. The findings revealed heterogeneity in students’ perceptions of safety and varying levels of safety culture components. The highest scores were observed in compliance with safety regulations, indicating the dominance of a formal approach. At the same time, lower scores related to personal responsibility suggest insufficient internal motivation for risk management. Some respondents tend to perceive accidents as random events. However, a relatively high level of awareness of personal responsibility for maintaining a safe environment was identified. The analysis of situational tasks showed that students often prioritize work quality and deadlines, while urgency and organizational pressure may encourage risk-taking behavior. Overall, the group is at a transitional stage toward a more proactive safety culture.

Practical Implications. The results can be used to improve educational programs and develop behavioral competencies in the field of safety.

Paper type: Theoretical and applied research.

Legal Regulation of Occupational Safety and Health in Ukraine and European Countries

2026-05-03T21:28:46+03:00

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation of occupational safety and health in Ukraine and the countries of the European Union, taking into account current trends in labour law development, international standards, and European integration processes, as well as to identify directions for improving national legislation.

Мethod. The study employs a set of complementary methods: comparative legal method – to compare national and EU legislation; systemic-structural method – to analyse interrelations between legal acts; formal legal method – to interpret legal provisions; content analysis – to synthesise scientific publications, statistical data, and international documents.

Findings. The findings indicate that the Ukrainian occupational safety and health system generally complies with international standards; however, its practical implementation remains insufficiently effective. The key problems identified include the formal nature of state supervision, insufficient integration of risk-oriented approaches, and limited use of digital tools. A comparative analysis with EU countries demonstrates the effectiveness of preventive risk management models, which ensure significantly lower occupational injury rates.

Theoretical implications. The study contributes to the systematisation of challenges related to the implementation of European standards in occupational safety and health and supports the conceptual shift from a declarative regulatory model to a risk-oriented approach to legal regulation.

Practical implications. The results can be used for: improving national legislation; implementing risk-oriented management systems; digitalising occupational safety monitoring processes; enhancing the effectiveness of state supervision and workforce training.

Future research. Further research should focus on: integration of digital risk management platforms; evaluation of the effectiveness of EU standards implementation across different economic sectors; analysis of the impact of educational programmes on safety culture; examination of judicial practice in occupational safety enforcement.

Paper type. Review article.

Innovative Methods of Hot Meal Provision Under Enemy UAV Threats

2026-05-03T21:28:46+03:00

Purpose. To substantiate innovative methods of providing military personnel with hot meals under combat conditions, taking into account the threats posed by enemy UAVs, particularly through reducing signature exposure and improving logistical efficiency.

Мethod. The study employs a comparative analysis of traditional and innovative feeding methods in field conditions, as well as the generalisation of practical experience from combat units. The research is based on the analysis of regulatory frameworks and the experimental implementation of induction technologies and freeze-dried food products.

Findings. It has been established that the key challenge is the high thermal visibility of traditional cooking methods. The effectiveness of two main approaches has been demonstrated: the use of freeze-dried products, which reduce cooking time, and induction cookers, which significantly decrease thermal signatures. The combination of these solutions enhances mobility, safety, and operational autonomy of military units.

Practical implications. The proposed approaches can be applied to improve the food supply system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, particularly for units operating in high-risk detection environments. The findings have practical value for the development of new field catering technologies.

Research limitations. The limitations are associated with the dependence of induction technologies on stable power supply, limited scalability for large units, and the insufficient amount of long-term empirical data regarding their effectiveness under diverse combat conditions.

Paper type. Review article.

Condition for Vehicle Rollover Stability on a Lateral Slope During Firing with Account of Suspension and Tire Deformation

2026-05-03T21:28:46+03:00

Purpose. To improve the methodological approach to determining the rollover stability condition of a vehicle on a lateral slope during firing by taking into account the deformation of suspension elements and tires, which affect the position of the center of mass and the lever arms of external forces.

Method. The methodological framework is based on an analytical approach combining the principles of vehicle dynamics, elements of internal ballistics, and mathematical modeling of impulse loads. Methods of force and moment decomposition, geometric analysis of the center of mass displacement, a systems approach to describing the interaction between sprung and unsprung masses, and algorithmic modeling for formalizing stability conditions are applied.

Findings. An improved mathematical expression for the rollover stability condition of a vehicle has been developed. Unlike existing models, it accounts for changes in the system geometry caused by the deformation of suspension components and tires. Dependencies for determining the displacement of the center of mass and the point of application of the recoil force have been established, enabling a more accurate assessment of the ratio between overturning and restoring moments under real operating conditions.

Practical value of the study. The proposed methodology can be used to justify the selection of weapon systems for combat vehicles and unmanned platforms, to assess permissible operating conditions on sloped surfaces, and in the design and modernization of vehicle chassis with regard to stability requirements. In addition, the results can be applied to develop recommendations for firing modes and for adjusting suspension parameters and tire pressure.

Paper type. Scientific and applied (methodological) article.

Prospects of Modernization of Artillery Systems on The Basis of Innovative Technological Solutions

2026-05-03T21:28:46+03:00

Purpose. To investigate the possibilities of modernization of artillery systems against the background of the application of innovative technologies and their impact on operational effectiveness.

Method: The research was conducted on the basis of an analytical and comparative analysis of the application of modern technological solutions in artillery systems based on a qualitative approach.

Findings. The integration of innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence, automation and real-time data processing into artillery systems significantly increases target accuracy, rapid response speed and the effectiveness of decision-making processes, thereby increasing overall combat capability.

Theoretical implications. This study presents a new conceptual approach in the context of the integration of artificial intelligence and data-based technologies into artillery systems, expands the theoretical foundations of replacing traditional military models with more adaptive, intelligent and decision-support-based systems, and contributes to the existing scientific framework in this field.

Practical implications. The study identifies specific application directions for the integration of innovative technologies into artillery systems, providing military agencies with practical solutions for the implementation of artificial intelligence-based decision support systems, strengthening real-time information processing, and optimizing operational response.

Value. This article presents a comprehensive and application-oriented approach to the modernization of artillery systems based on the integration of artificial intelligence and innovative technologies, which, unlike existing approaches, allows for the formation of more flexible, adaptive, and information-based military systems

Paper type. Theoretical.

Cyber resilience of smart PPE: an algorithmic method for preventing occupational injuries

2026-05-03T21:28:46+03:00

Purpose. This study aims to resolve the scientific and technical contradiction between the need for cryptographic protection of communication channels in Smart PPE systems and the limited power resources of autonomous microcontrollers. The purpose of this article is to justify and develop an energy-efficient algorithmic method for ensuring the integrity of telemetric data, which allows for the integration of cyber resilience mechanisms into the industrial security framework without compromising the autonomy of the protection measures.

Methodology. The study employs an analysis of threat vectors to cyber-physical industrial safety systems (modeling of Man-in-the-Middle attack scenarios); a comparative analysis of the overhead of standard Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) data transmission protocols; mathematical modeling of the data verification procedure based on the SipHash-2-4 lightweight cryptography algorithm; and a computational assessment of the time complexity and energy efficiency of the proposed method compared to existing AES-CMAC and HMAC-SHA256 standards. The subject of this study is the transmission and verification of telemetry data within a personnel safety monitoring system. This approach allows for a logical integration of data integrity with its ultimate purpose—the protection of human life.

Theoretical Value. The study deepens the understanding of the priority inversion within the information security triad (CIA) in occupational safety systems (prioritizing integrity over confidentiality). The theoretical feasibility of using lightweight hash functions as a sufficient protection measure for field-level devices (Level 0-1 according to IEC 62443) is proven; this enables the integration of cybersecurity mechanisms into the safety loop without inducing critical latency in emergency signal transmission.

Practical Value. The proposed algorithm mitigates the risks of concealing real hazards (the "False Negative" scenario) and generating false alarms, ensuring that dispatch services receive reliable information for evacuation decision-making. Calculations confirm that the autonomous battery life of Smart PPE can be extended by 15–20% compared to traditional encryption methods, thereby ensuring reliable continuous monitoring throughout a full work shift.

Type of Article. Scientific and practical.

Assessment of Modern Instrumental Inspection Technologies for the State Special Transport Service of Ukraine

2026-05-03T21:28:46+03:00

Purpose. To analyse the capabilities of modern instrumental inspection technologies, identify their advantages, risks, and disadvantages, and assess the prospects for their practical implementation within the State Special Transport Service.

Methodology. The methodological framework of the study is based on analysis, synthesis, deduction, and comparative analysis. Analysis of scientific sources, regulatory and technical documentation, and the technical characteristics of inspection tools was used to identify current approaches to the inspection of transport and engineering infrastructure facilities. Synthesis and deduction were used to generalize the obtained data and to formulate conclusions regarding the prospects for implementing the relevant technologies in the activities of the State Special Transport Service. Comparative analysis was used to assess the functional capabilities, advantages, disadvantages, and limitations of modern instrumental inspection technologies. The following were considered as the subject of special analysis: the photogrammetric method for creating maps and 3D models, aerial surveying, three-dimensional laser scanning, the ground-penetrating radar method, and magnetocoercive and acoustic emission methods of non-destructive testing.

Results. It has been established that modern instrumental inspection technologies significantly enhance defect detection, object characterisation, damage documentation, and prediction of structural technical condition. However, their implementation requires specialised personnel training, investment in equipment and software, consideration of operational constraints, and improvement of regulatory and organisational frameworks.

Practical Value. The findings can be used to justify the selection of appropriate inspection technologies, plan the technical equipping of units, enhance diagnostic quality, and improve decision-making processes within the State Special Transport Service and other components of the Defence Forces of Ukraine.

Type of Article. Analytical, conceptual (with elements of applied design).

Formation of a Unified Information Space for the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine Based on the Principles of Network-Centric Warfare and Digital Transformation

2026-05-04T12:20:57+03:00

Purpose. To substantiate approaches to the formation of a unified information space of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine based on the principles of network-centric warfare and digital transformation, as well as to identify key directions for its implementation.

Method. The study employs methods of system analysis, generalization, and comparative analysis of the concepts of network-centric warfare and digital transformation. A structural and functional approach is used to analyze the architecture of information and communication systems of the defense sector.

Findings. The main problems of the functioning of information and communication systems of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine are identified, including their fragmentation, limited interoperability, and vulnerability to cyber threats. The necessity of forming a unified information space is substantiated, and key principles of its development are defined, including system integration, secure communications, implementation of cloud technologies, and compliance with NATO interoperability standards. Practical directions for implementing the corresponding architecture are proposed.

Theoretical implications. The study develops scientific approaches to the formation of a unified information space of the defense sector through the integration of network-centric warfare and digital transformation concepts.

Practical value of the study. The results can be used in the development of architectures of information and communication systems, digital transformation programs, and regulatory support for the creation of a unified information space of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.

Originality. The originality of the study lies in the comprehensive substantiation of approaches to forming a unified information space of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, taking into account modern conditions of network-centric warfare and digitalization.

Paper type. Analytical and applied article.

Conceptual Principles of the Carbon Intensity Regulation Mechanism in Ferrous Metallurgy

2026-05-03T21:28:46+03:00

Purpose. To substantiate the conceptual foundations and structural elements of the organizational and economic mechanism for carbon intensity regulation in the Ukrainian iron and steel industry to stimulate resource and technological modernization and ensure competitiveness in a low-carbon transition.

Method. Systematic and structural analysis was used to form the mechanism's architecture; logical modeling to define functional and process relationships between management entities; comparative analysis to adapt international green finance instruments to national specifics; and graphic visualization for the "green" credit algorithm and project taxonomy.

Findings. A multilevel structure of the organizational and economic mechanism integrating regulatory, economic, and institutional tools was developed; the necessity of using author's indicative indicators (IPm, IPo) as basic criteria for selective state support was proven; the feasibility of transforming BAT reference documents by including a "climate appendix" was justified; an algorithm for providing preferences through green credits and bonds based on verified reduction of specific emissions was formed.

Theoretical implications. The work deepens scientific understanding of state regulation of industrial development under environmental constraints; systematizes carbon intensity management functions (diagnostic, predictive, normative) and clarifies the role of indicative planning in the national economy's decarbonization.

Practical implications. The results allow for improving investment project selection for state guarantees, providing a methodological basis for a national "green" taxonomy, and forming scientifically based approaches to accelerated depreciation for energy-efficient equipment and special investment contracts.

Originality. For the first time, a concept of regulatory and financial integration was proposed, where BAT technological standards act not only as environmental constraints but as financial triggers to reduce the cost of capital, providing a practical roadmap for the decarbonization of Ukraine's metallurgical sector.

Research limitations. Limitations relate to energy market volatility affecting the relevance of indicative indicators and the need for constant harmonization of the national BAT base with dynamic changes in EU legislation (CBAM and EU Taxonomy).

Paper type. Research.

Analysis of Existing Methods for Calculating the Cost of the Stage of Use of Weapons and Military Equipment in the System of their Life Cycle Management

2026-05-03T21:28:47+03:00

Purpose: To comprehensive comparative study of scientific and methodological approaches to calculating the cost of the stage of use of weapons and military equipment in the US Armed Forces and the NATO system to identify their key conceptual advantages over the current national methodology and form a sound analytical basis for its further adaptation. The study is aimed at establishing the key factors in the formation of operating costs and determining the directions of transforming the domestic approach into a holistic engineering and economic cost management system.

Method. Methods of systems analysis, analogy, and comparison.

Findings. Approaches to estimating the O&S costs of weapons and military equipment have been systematized and analyzed. Key features of modern methodologies have been identified, with particular attention paid to their application under martial law conditions. The feasibility of implementing a unified cost structure adapted to the needs of the Defence Forces of Ukraine has been substantiated.

Theoretical implications. The research deepens scientific understanding of methodologies for evaluating the O&S costs of military assets, providing a foundation for the development of effective decision-making in defence planning and resource management.

Practical implications. The results can be applied to improve approaches to estimating the O&S costs of weapons and military equipment in the Defence Forces of Ukraine, as well as to develop relevant methodological materials and internal regulatory documents in the field of defence planning.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Internal Control of Financial and Economic Activities in the Military Unit

2026-05-03T21:28:47+03:00

Purpose. To substantiate effective mechanisms for organizing internal control of financial and economic activities in military units through the integration of modern digital technologies and machine learning methods.

Method: The study employs a systems approach, comparative analysis, and generalization, complemented by elements of mathematical modeling. To enhance the robustness of managerial decision-making, decision tree analysis and the Random Forest machine learning algorithm are applied for risk assessment and forecasting of financial outcomes.

Findings. The study reveals that the existing internal control system in military units is characterized by formalism, insufficient automation, and limited use of a risk-based approach. A comprehensive internal control model is proposed, combining traditional procedures with digital data analysis tools. The results demonstrate that the application of the Random Forest algorithm significantly improves the accuracy of financial risk detection and enhances the effectiveness of management decisions.

Theoretical implications. The study contributes to the development of scientific approaches to internal control by integrating risk management concepts with machine learning techniques in the military domain.

Practical implications. The proposed approaches can be implemented in the activities of financial and economic services of military units to improve transparency, financial discipline, and the efficiency of budget resource utilization.

Paper type. Applied research.

Ways and Forms of Action of the Kholodnyi Yar Insurgent Formations in the Struggle Against Russian-Bolshevik Occupiers (1919–1921)

2026-05-03T21:28:47+03:00

Purpose: To reconstruct the main ways and forms of action of the Kholodnyi Yar insurgent formations in their struggle against Russian-Bolshevik occupiers in 1919–1921 and to clarify the internal combat logic of this movement.

Method. Principles of historicism and source criticism; historical-comparative, spatial and reconstructive approaches; comparison of archival-criminal files, memoirs, historiography and cartographic materials.

Findings. The combat practice of the Kholodnyi Yar insurgents was based on a combination of ambushes, short maneuver battles, raids, mobile self-defence, intelligence, courier communication and trophy-resource supply. This system relied on knowledge of the forest-steppe terrain, local support and control over local communications.

Theoretical implications. The study clarifies the understanding of Kholodnyi Yar as an organized centre of irregular warfare rather than a set of accidental local uprisings.

Paper type. Theoretical, historical-analytical.

The Impact of Housing Reform in Ukraine on Providing Housing for Military Personnel: Analysis of Changes and a Modeling Option for Public-Private Partnership

2026-05-03T21:28:47+03:00

Purpose: To analyze the systemic changes in Ukraine’s housing policy introduced by the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Housing Policy” (No. 4751-IX, January 13, 2026), assess their impact on the housing provision system for servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and evaluate the effectiveness of a modeled public–private partnership in the form of state leasing of housing by the Ministry of Defense to reduce the housing queue.

Method. Comparative legal analysis of regulatory acts, mathematical modeling, as well as methods of synthesis, induction, deduction, and comparison.

Findings. The study establishes that the new law defines strategic directions of housing policy; however, most mechanisms require further specification through secondary legislation of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The analysis of amendments to Article 12 of the Law of Ukraine “On Social and Legal Protection of Servicemen and Their Families” shows the absence of fundamentally new forms of housing provision, except for the introduction of the right to social housing. At the same time, existing mechanisms (service housing, ownership transfer, preferential lending, and compensation) have been clarified and adapted to the abolition of the Housing Code of Ukraine, which necessitates updating the secondary regulatory framework. The modeling of a public–private partnership demonstrates that a leasing model can increase housing provision volumes by 3–4 times in the first year; however, it creates long-term fiscal burdens and reduces housing acquisition rates in subsequent years.

Theoretical implications. The study contributes to the development of housing policy theory under conditions of martial law and European integration.

Practical implications. The results can be used to improve mechanisms for housing provision for servicemen.

Originality. A comprehensive post-reform analysis is provided, incorporating economic modeling of a leasing-based public–private partnership.

Limitations and future research. The analysis is limited to the legislative framework as of March 2026; further research should focus on empirical monitoring of implementation and the development of alternative partnership models.

Paper type. Theoretical and applied.

Housing Provision System for Service Members of the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces of Ukraine: Current State and Development Prospects

2026-05-03T21:28:47+03:00

Purpose: The primary objective of this study is a systemic analysis of existing housing provision mechanisms for service members, the identification of key challenges, deficiencies, and risks, as well as the development of scientifically grounded proposals for improving this system through the implementation of modern managerial and digital tools.

Method. This work employs methods of systemic and comparative analysis, mathematical modeling, synthesis, and deduction.

Findings. The article provides recommendations for the digitalization of housing provision processes for service members through the creation of a unified electronic accounting system. This system includes personal accounts for those on the housing waiting list and a catalog of objects (projects). An improved model for housing acquisition is proposed, utilizing the electronic procurement system and non-price criteria for winner selection. Furthermore, an algorithm for implementing a portfolio approach has been developed, involving a flexible combination of investment, market, financial, and service tools depending on the needs of a specific region.

Practical implications. The application of the proposed tools will allow the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine to significantly reduce housing wait times, ensure full transparency of budgetary expenditures, and minimize subjective factors in the organization and implementation of housing provision. The research findings can be utilized in developing state social protection programs for service members and improving departmental regulations regarding housing provision for the security and defense sector.

Paper type. Scientific and practical article.

Multi-Criteria Assessment of Internal Audit Effectiveness in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine Based on an Integrated KPI and RBM Model under Martial Law

2026-05-04T11:41:16+03:00

Purpose: To substantiate and develop a methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of internal audit in the system of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine based on Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and Results-Based Management (RBM), with a focus on transforming internal audit into a strategic partner.

Method. The study employs analysis and synthesis, expert evaluation (Delphi method), statistical methods for assessing agreement (Kendall’s coefficient of concordance), mathematical modeling (SAW method for normalization and aggregation of indicators), and scaling of results using an internal audit capability model.

Findings. A system of 60 indicators was developed across four dimensions: resources, processes, results, and strategic impact. A high level of expert agreement was confirmed (W = 0.72), and priority KPIs were identified based on strategic impact. A corrective coefficient K (1.0–1.2) is proposed to account for the conditions of martial law. A multicriteria evaluation model is introduced, including an integral performance index based on an adapted maturity scale of internal audit effectiveness.

Theoretical implications. The study integrates the Balanced Scorecard and RBM approaches for evaluating internal audit effectiveness under martial law, expanding multicriteria assessment methodologies in conditions of uncertainty.

Practical implications. The research provides an implementation-ready toolkit for the Internal Audit Service of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, including a KPI matrix, an algorithm for calculating the integral performance index, a differentiated coefficient K scale, and a diagnostic maturity matrix to support managerial decision-making.

Value. The study enables a shift from process-based control to outcome-oriented evaluation of strategic impact, enhancing accountability and institutional capacity.

Limitations and future research. The study is based on expert assessments of 15 specialists; further research should focus on KPI data automation and empirical validation.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Peculiarities of the Innovation Cycle in Ukraine’s Military-Industrial Complex Under Conditions of Martial Law

2026-05-03T21:28:47+03:00

Мета роботи. Обґрунтування структурних змін в інноваційному циклі підприємств ОПК України, оцінку швидкості проходження етапів розробки за шкалою рівнів технологічної готовності та визначення еластичності інноваційного результату відносно обсягів фінансування науково-дослідних робіт.

Метод дослідження. Дослідження ґрунтується на застосуванні методів економетричного моделювання, зокрема побудові логарифмічної регресійної моделі для оцінки статистичних даних за період з дві тисячі дванадцятого по дві тисячі двадцять четвертий роки. Також використано метод порівняльного аналізу для зіставлення темпів технологічного розвитку та ймовірнісне моделювання для оцінки ризиків на різних стадіях життєвого циклу виробу.

Результати дослідження. Доведено перехід інноваційного циклу ОПК України від інерційної лінійної моделі до рекурсивної системи гнучкого оборонного менеджменту. Встановлено, що часовий інтервал від концептуалізації до бойового застосування технологій скоротився у чотири-шість разів. Регресійний аналіз підтвердив зростаючу віддачу від інвестицій у високотехнологічні розробки, де коефіцієнт еластичності перевищив одиницю. Доведено, що інституційна децентралізація та швидкий зворотний зв’язок мають більш суттєвий вплив на результативність системи, ніж просте зростання обсягів фінансування.

Практична цінність дослідження. Отримані висновки можуть бути використані органами державної влади для вдосконалення процедур сертифікації та випробувань новітнього озброєння. Запропонована модель прогнозування успіху інноваційних проєктів дозволяє оптимізувати розподіл бюджетних коштів у кризових умовах.

Тип статті: Емпірично-аналітична стаття з елементами економетричного моделювання.

Portfolio Management of Military Capabilities Development Using Bayesian Decision-Making Approach

2026-05-03T21:28:47+03:00

Purpose. Development and substantiation of a methodological approach to enhancing the efficiency of troops (forces) capability development portfolio management by integrating bayesian decision theory into the evaluation and selection of alternatives.

Method. The research is based on the integration of portfolio management (PM²-PfM) with Bayesian decision theory to improve the validity of the selection of capacity development projects under uncertainty.

Findings. This study develops an integrated approach to portfolio management of military capability development, combining multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) with a Bayesian decision-making framework.

Theoretical implications. Development of a methodological framework for portfolio management of military capability development by integrating deterministic and probabilistic decision-making models.

Practical implications. The proposed approach enables more effective decision-making in military capability development under uncertainty and resource constraints.

Value. The integration of the capability development portfolio management methodology (PM²-PfM) with Bayesian decision theory enables a transition from traditional deterministic approaches to a probabilistic framework for evaluating decision alternatives.

Future research. Future research will focus on developing and evaluating approaches to implementing portfolio management within the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine.

Paper type. Theoretical.

The Dark Side of Leadership in Academia: How Abusive Supervision Influences Faculty Well-Being

2026-05-03T21:28:47+03:00

Purpose. to analyze the impact of abusive supervision on the well-being of faculty members in higher education institutions, considering the mediating role of work alienation and the moderating effect of willpower within the framework of Affective Events Theory.

Method. The study employs a quantitative research approach. Data were collected from 311 faculty members of private universities in Bangladesh using a two-wave (time-lagged) design. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied using SPSS v27 and AMOS v24. Reliability (Cronbach’s alpha), convergent and discriminant validity (CFA, AVE, CR) were assessed, and bootstrap analysis (5,000 samples) was conducted.

Findings. The results indicate that abusive supervision has a statistically significant negative effect on employee well-being and is positively associated with work alienation. Work alienation partially mediates this relationship. Willpower acts as a buffer, weakening the negative impact of work alienation on well-being. Thus, all proposed hypotheses (H1–H5) are supported.

Theoretical implications. The study extends the application of Affective Events Theory (AET) in the higher education context by integrating destructive leadership, work alienation, and individual psychological resources into a unified explanatory framework. It also clarifies the mechanism through which negative managerial practices translate into reduced well-being via emotional and cognitive processes.

Practical implications. The findings highlight the need to implement policies aimed at preventing abusive supervision, enhancing leaders’ emotional intelligence, and fostering a supportive organizational climate. The development of programs aimed at strengthening employees’ psychological resilience and willpower is recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of destructive leadership.

Paper type. Empirical.

Land Salinity Effect on Farmers Adaptation Strategies for Sunflower Cultivation in Southwestern region of Bangladesh

2026-05-03T21:28:47+03:00

Purpose. To examine the impact of land salinity on farmers’ adaptive strategies for sunflower cultivation in the southwestern coastal region of Bangladesh and to identify key socio-economic determinants influencing adaptive capacity.

Method. A quantitative approach was employed using a multistage random sampling technique. Data were collected from 200 sunflower farmers in Borguna district between February and April 2025. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to evaluate the influence of independent variables on farmers’ adaptive capacity.

Findings. The results indicate that age, sunflower cultivation area, training, and NGO membership have a statistically significant positive effect on adaptive capacity. Farmers primarily adopt fertilizer management, pesticide use, and irrigation techniques to mitigate salinity stress. However, excessive input use was observed, reflecting potential inefficiencies in adaptation practices.

Theoretical implications. The study contributes to adaptive capacity and resilience theory by empirically linking socio-economic variables with behavioral adaptation strategies under environmental stress conditions.

Practical implications. The findings suggest the need for targeted policy interventions, including farmer training, sustainable land management, and institutional support to enhance resilience against salinity intrusion.

Paper type. Empirical.